ANSWERS
1. B, page 561, table 12-7, Marfan causes Ao regurg and Ao root dilation
2. D, page 562 (onset of symptoms = decompensation, 50% die in 5 years if angina, 50% in
die in 2 years if CHF)
3. A, page 566 – fever is minor criteria
4. B, page 566 – the pulmonary valve is rarely affected, typically (L)VH
5. C, page 569
1. Regarding complications of atherosclerotic plaques
a.
Atheroma plaques composing of large amount soft foam cells and lipid ,
are less likely to rupture than those with smaller amounts of lipid
b.
A severely stenotic plaque is required as a precipitating lesion for
patients who develop myocardial infarcts
c.
In the coronary arteries it is usually around 70% of a fixed occlusion that
is required to get stenosis and the signs of angina.
d.
Haemorrhage into a plaque is considered the most dangerous
complication
2.In aneurysms
a.
HT is the most common condition associated with aneurysms of the
descending aorta
b.
Atherosclerosis is the most common condition associated with aneurysms
of the ascending aorta
c.
Berry aneurysms are typically seen in the Circle of Willis
d.
All the above are true
3. Regarding arteries, which is true?
a.
As vessels become smaller the ratio of wall thickness to lumen diameter
becomes greater
b.
Capillaries are the principal points of physiological resistance to blood flow
c.
Capillaries have a media of spirally arranged muscle cells
d.
In many types of inflammation vascular leakage and leucocyte exudation
occur preferentially in pre- capillary venules.
4. Fenestrated endothelial layers are likely to be seen in the capillaries of which
organ?
a.
Spleen
b.
Liver
c.
Lung
d.
Adrenal gland
5. Of the following arteries, which is least likely to be affected by atherosclerosis?