Question 11. 
 
A 55-year-old man underwent resection of a T2 clear cell renal carcinoma. 
 
What is the most likely pathogenesis? 
 
A  activating mutations of the VHL gene 
B  MET oncogene activity 
C  mutation of p53 
D up-regulated 

expression 

of HIF-controlled genes 

E  von Hippel–Lindau syndrome