Figure 1.42
Phrase Markings
3. At times a durational value exceeds the bounds of a measure in a given
time signature: the note value occupies more “beats” than the measure
will allow. To accommodate this, we use a
tie
12
, a short curved line
connecting one durational value to another in the succeeding measure.
Figure 1.43
Ties
Dynamic Markings and Articulations
Dynamic markings indicate relative degrees of volume in a composition or a
passage of music. Articulations are common symbols (and their associated terms)
directing how notes are performed. These are listed in
with other common musical terms.
The basic dynamic markings are:
1.
pianissimo
: very “soft” (quiet)
2.
piano
: “soft”
3.
mezzo-piano
: medium “soft”
4.
mezzo-forte
: medium “strong” or loud
5.
forte
: strong or loud
6.
fortissimo
: very strong or loud
Some composers expand this range, adding dynamic markings using three or four
“p’s” or three or four “f’s.”
Figure 1.44
Basic Dynamic Markings
12. A tie is a short slur used to
connect notes across a bar line.
Chapter 1 The Elements of Rhythm: Sound, Symbol, and Time
1.4 Additional Information
44