Study Set Content:
rectangular, transparent under microscope
Uric acid crystals
They are the substances that can be used to distinguish urine from other body fluids.
Urea & Creatinine
These substances are highly concentrated in the urine
Urea & Creatinine
Inorganic Components of Urine:
Chloride, Sodium, Potassium, Phosphate, Ammonium, Calcium
Combined with chloride and other salts
Potassium
Primarily from salt intake
Sodium
Primary Inorganic component
Chloride
Combines with sodium; buffers the blood
Phosphate
Regulates blood and tissue fluid acidity
Ammonium
Combines with chloride, sulfate, phosphate
Calcium
Major constituent of urine
Water
Is dependent on the amount of water the kidneys excrete
Urine Volume
Normal daily output
1200-1500 mL
True or false:
600-2000 is still considered normal
True
True or False: Urine output is equal to water intake or
any other water fluids
True
What are the factors affecting urine volume?
- Urine intake
- Fluid loss from non-renal sources
- ADH secretion
- Necessity to excrete amounts of dissolved solids such as glucose salts
Cessation of urine flow
Anuria
Decreased urine output
Oliguria
Increase in the nocturnal excretion of urine
Nocturia
Increase in daily urine volume
Polyuria
