Study Set Content:
The oldest records of the use of therapeutic plants and minerals are derived from the ancient civilizations of the (blank) peoples of antiquity.
Chinese, the Hindus, the Mayans of Central America, and the Mediterranean
compiled what may be called a pharmacopeia
➢ The Emperor Shen Nung
- an antimalarial alkaloid
ch’ang shang
- from which ephedrine was isolated
ma huang
- was known to the indigenous American Indians
Chaulmoogra fruit
containing emetine was used in Brazil for the treatment of dysentery and is still used for the treatment of amebiasis
Ipecacuanha root
The early explorers found that the South American Indians
chewed coca leaves
used mushrooms -
- containing cocaine
chewed coca leaves
- containing methylated tryptamine as hallucinogens
used mushrooms
Ancient Greek apothecary shops, herbs such as
opium, squill, and Hyoscyamus, viper toxin,
Ancient Greek apothecary shops, herbs such as opium, squill, and Hyoscyamus, viper toxin, and metallic drugs such as
copper and zinc ores, iron sulfate, and cadmium oxide
The basic studies of chemistry and physics shifted from the Greco-Roman to the Arabian alchemists.
between 13th and 16th Century
glorified antimony and its salts in elixirs as cure-alls in the belief that chemicals could cure disease
Paracelsus
the 19th Century
Age of Innovation and Chemistry
The 19th century saw a great expansion in the knowledge of chemistry, which greatly extended the (blank) pharmacopeia that had previously been established.
herbal
chemists throughout Europe refined and extended the techniques of chemical analysis.
➢ Antoine Lavoisier
synthesis of acetic acid
Adolph Kolbe
synthesis of methane
Pierre Berthelot
set the stage for organic chemistry
Pierre Berthelot
, the science that deals with medicinal products of plant, animal, or mineral origin in their crude state
Pharmacognosy
