Study Set Content:
- acyl grp bonded to H or C
- acyl grp can't act as leaving grp
1. Aldehydes & Ketones
- acyl grp bonded to O, S, N or Halogen (X)
- acyl grp can act as leaving grp
2. Carboxylic acid and their derivatives
are the most widely occurring compounds in nature.
aldehydes and ketones
Aldehydes and ketones are characterized by the presence of the
carbonyl group
- Both are polar compound, which explain relatively higher melting and boiling points compared with hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight, Because of their polarity, aldehydes and ketones are fairly soluble in water.
- Both are polar compound, which explain relatively higher melting and boiling points compared with hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight, Because of their polarity, aldehydes and ketones are fairly soluble in water.
- used for the manufacture of resins
Formaldehyde
-intermediate in the manufacture of acetic acid, ethyl acetate, vinyl acetate
Acetaldehyde
-starting material for the manufacture of insecticides DDT
Chloral
- A constituent of the aroma of fresh bread
Butanal
- Oil of bitter almond
- Used as flavoring agent
Benzaldehyde
- Chief constituent of the oil of cinnamon bark
Cinnamaldehyde
- Fragrant component of vanilla beans
Vanillin
- Used as solvent for such products as paints, lacquers, and cellulose acetate because of its miscibility with both water and nonpolar solvents
Acetone
- Major constituent of the male sex hormone
Testosterone
- Odorous component of musk, a sex attractant
- Valued for its ability to enhance fragrances even when present in minute amounts
Muscone
- Present in many of the expensive perfume fixative
Muscone
- Major component of lemon grass oil
Citral
-Solvent for lacquers, paints and plastics
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
- Has been used as a hypnotic but has been supplanted by newer and safer drug
Acetophenone
- Lacrimator and is used as a tear gas
Chloracetophenone
