Study Set Content:
1 mmol Na3C6H5O7
4 mOsmol total particles
is the milliosmoles of solute per liter of solution
mOsmol/L of solution
OSMOLARITY
is the milliosmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent
mOsmol/kg of solvent
OSMOLALITY
used in laboratory to measure osmolality
OSMETERS
Total body water for an adult male is
55-65% body weight
Total body water for an adult female is
10% lower than male
Total body water for an newborn infant
75%
Daily requirement equations
1500 ml per square meter of BSA
Pharmaceutical preparation strength can be increased by
• Adding more active ingredient
• Adding an admixture with similar preparation of greater concentration
• Evaporation of solvent or carrier vehicle in case of liquids
Pharmaceutical preparation strength can be decreased by
• Adding more diluent
• Adding an admixture with similar preparation of lesser concentration
are concentrated solutions of active or inert ingredients
that are used by the pharmacist as a convenience to prepare
a lesser concentration.
Stock Solutions
If the amount of active ingredient remains
constant, any change in the quantity of a
solution or mixture of solids inversely
proportional
to the percentage or ratio
strength
An arithmetical method of solving problems that involves the
mixing of solutions or mixtures of solids of different
percentage strengths.
Alligation
A method in which the weight average strength
of a mixture of two or more substances of known
quantity and concentration may be calculated
Alligation medial
the addition of a diluent, inert material
or vehicle (solvent) must be
treated as zero
strength .
Use to determine the quantities of ingredients of differing
strengths needed to make a mixture of a desired strength.
Alligation Alternate
Pairs must be used to determine, one lower and one
with
a higher in strength than the desired strength.
When a solvent passes through a
semipermeable membrane from a dilute
solution into a more concentrated one,
the concentrations become equalized.
Osmosis
the responsible for this phenomenon is
termed
osmotic pressure
are salts or molecules that
ionize completely in solution.
Electrolytes
