Study Set Content:
metallic cation,
counter ion,
Those which get dissociated into a surfactant negative ion (anion) and a metallic cation, so-called counter ion, labeled as
anionic surfactants
The second class in importance (how many percent
) gathers the nonionic surfactants, i.e., those which are not dissociated in aqueous solution.
40%
Are much less sensitive to electrolytes than anionic surfactants, and they have been replacing the latter in many laundry and body care application, when water hardness can be a problem.
Nonionic surfactants
Production reached beyond 90% of the total, and the remaining surfactant, e.g.,(blank)ones, are only used for very special applications when cost is not a sensitive issue such as in cosmetics and body care products.
cationic, amphoteric and polymeric
Is a chemical substance that possesses some affinity for both the polar substances and the a polar ones.
Amphiphile
Generally speaking these affinities are referred to as hydrophilic and lipophilic (or hydrophobic) respectively since the polar solvents are in most cases aqueous solutions and the a polar phases are organic
“oils”
When a surfactant molecule goes to the interface and locates itself there with some preferential orientation, it is said that the molecule is
absorbed.
The (blank) is a spontaneous phenomenon which is driven by a reduction of the energy when the surfactant lyophobic (which “hates” the solvent) group is removed from the solvent, and when one or both affinities are satisfied respectively at a surface or at an interface.
*adsorption*
are significant factors that affect drug adsorption onto solid adjuncts in the dosage form
Interfacial phenomena in pharmacy and medicine
Penetration of molecules through
biologic membranes,
Emulsion formation and
stability
Dispersion of insoluble particles to form
suspensions.
