Description
this collection will cover a bunch of questions to all Medical, pharmacy and dental students who wants to prepare for anatomy test or to assure their studies
Study Set Content:
ANATOMY
1
General Questions
1.
Which is an example of hyaline cartilage
a.
intervertebral discs
F – Fibrocartilagenous
b.
epiglottis
F – Elastic fibrocartilagenous
c.
articular surface of clavicle
T – Hyaline cartilage but not the best answer
d.
epiphyses
T – Hyaline cartilage
e.
knee menisci
F - Fibrocartilagenous
2.
Hyaline cartilage
a.
forms glenoid labrum
? – Unsure
b.
does not ossify with age
F – Does ossify with age
c.
relatively vascular
F – avascular so difficult to repair
d.
forms epiphyseal growth plates
T – yes it does
e.
forms articular margins of acromioclavicular joint
? – Unsure
f.
unable to be deformed
F – able to be deformed
g.
regrows in new cartilage
F – don’t think so
3.
An example of a synovial joint is p21 Moore
a.
intervertebral disc
F – Fibrocartilagenous secondary cartilagenous joint
b.
sternomanubrial joint
F – Secondary cartilagenous
c.
sacroiliac joint
T – Synovial joint BUT different from most because it has little movement
d.
epiphyses
F – Primary cartilaginous joint
e.
distal tibulofibular joint
F – Syndesmosis/fibrous
4.
An example of a secondary cartilaginous joint p21Moore
a.
costochondral joint
F – Primary cartilaginous (usually temporary union)
b.
intervertebral disc
T – fibrocartilagenous secondary cartilaginous joint
c.
TMJ
F – modified synovial joint p925 Moore’s
d.
lambdoid suture (head)
F – fibrous joint
e.
proximal tibial epiphysis
F – primary cartilaginous joint
NOTE: Secondary are strong slightly moveable
(fibrocartilage –v- primary hyaline cartilage)
5.
What type of joint is the 1
st
sternocostal joint p69 Moore
a.
Secondary cartilagenous
F – manubriosternal joint, intervertebral discs
b.
Typical synovial
F – sternocastal joints 2 to 7, costrovertebral joints = synovial plane joints.
Has joint cavity, articular cartilage and articular capsule
c.
Primary cartilagenous
T – costochondral joints, xyphisternal joint, epiphysis and epiphyseal plates
d.
Fibrous
F – sutures of skull, radioulnar joints = syndesmosis type of fibrous joint,
dental joints = gomphosis
e.
Secondary synovial
F – ?? There are plane, hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid, ball and socket
6.
Which of the following movements are permitted at the joints
named p24 Moore
a.
Plane joint – gliding/sliding movements
T – usually uniaxial, gliding or sliding movements = AC joint
b.
Hinge joints- multiaxial
F – uniaxial, permit flexion and extension only = elbow
c.
Pivot joint – multi axial
F – uniaxial, allows rotation only = atlantoaxial joint
d.
Saddle joint – multiaxial
F – biaxial, permits movements in two different planes =
first carpometacarpal joint
e.
Condyloid joint – biaxial
T – biaxial, flexion and extension, abduction and adduction,
and circumduction = metacarpophalangeal joint
f.
Ball and socket joint – biaxial
F – multiaxial, movement on several axis = hip joint
ANATOMY
2
7.
Regarding muscle,
a.
epimysium covers muscle and collects fluid
F – Dense layer of collagen, surrounds skeletal muscle, continuous with
tendons
b.
all skeletal muscle is a mix of red and white fibres
T – best answer
c.
white fibres are slow twitch and aerobic
F – fast and anaerobic like white lightning!
d.
Motor unit supplies red and white muscle fibres
F – a motor unit supplies a motor fibre so you won’t have both types in one
8.
Regarding cardiac and skeletal muscle (repeat) p31NM
a.
both striated
T
b.
multinucleated
F - just skeletal
c.
gap junctions
F - just cardiac
9.
Regarding the deep fascia which is incorrect
a.
It is not present in the face
T – not present in face
b.
It forms the retinaculae
T – it does
c.
It is anchored firmly to the periostium
T – anchored to bone in some places
d.
It is well developed in the iliotibial tract
T – but unsure
e.
It is not sensitive
F – it is VERY sensitive and is supplied by the skin
f.
Can provide attachment for muscle
T – it can
g.
Attaches to skin by thin fibrils
T – it does
10.
Panniculosus adiposus
a.
not well developed in man
F – well developed in man
b.
is a thin layer of muscle
F – fat layer
c.
is unlike fat
F – it is a fat layer
d.
contains nerves blood vessels and lymph
T – it does
11.
Regarding bone
a.
Periostium covers the articulating surface of bones
F – hyaline cartilage does
b.
Harversian canals are the smallest canals in bone
F – Haversian are the largest, canaliculi are smaller
c.
Bone substance does not receive its nutrition from
the periostium
F – it does, and via nutrient arteries
d.
Periostium is not sensitive
F – it is very sensitive
e.
nutrient artery supplies cortical bone predominantly
F – but needs to be checked
f.
trabecular network in cancellous bone is capable of
considerable re-arrangement with regard to fibre
rientation
T – this is how bone ensures good strength in the right direction
ANATOMY
3
Nervous System
1.
With respect to dermatomal nerve supply
p87 Moore, p 539 and p696 NM
a.
the umbilicus is supplied by T12
F – T10
b.
C7 supplies the index finger
T – it does
c.
anterior axial line divides C6 and C7
F – they are contiguous
d.
T6 lies at level of the nipple
F – T4
e.
heel skin is supplied by S2
T – also L5 according to my version of Moore’s, NOT NEW MOORE’s
f.
Great toe is L4
F – L5
2.
A dermatome pg87 Moore
a.
Is separated from a discontinuous dermatome by an
axial line
T – that is the definition of an axial line
b.
They do not overlap in the chest
F – They overlap in the chest
c.
Is the area of skin and muscle supplied by a single
spinal nerve
F – pair of spinal nerves
d.
They do not overlap at axial lines
T – correct but not the best answer
3.
Diameter of a motor nerve fibre is
a.
1-2 micrometere
F
b.
10 millimetre
F
c.
12-20 micrometres
T – this is correct
d.
5-7 millimetres
F
e.
20-50 micrometers
F
4.
Regarding parasympathetic nervous system
a.
supply all viscera
? – not sure
b.
have connector cells in brainstem and sacrum
T - craniocaudal
ANATOMY
4
Upper Limb - Nerves
1.
Of the Brachial plexus what is INCORRECT?
a.
Divisions forming behind clavicle and entering anterior
Triangle
F – Divisions have noithing to do with it
b.
Cords embrace 2
nd
part axillary artery
T – named in relation to axillary artery
c.
Cords enter axilla anterior to axillary artery.
F
d.
Branches of cords surround 3
rd
part of axillary artery
T – p709-717
e.
Erbs palsy results in medially rotated arm with elbow
flexion
F – c5-c6 deltoid, brachioradialis, brachialis and biceps(adducted shoulder, med
rotated arm and extended elbow) p716
f.
Ulnar nerve palsy (probably writing as C7/T1)
gives interossei weakness and numbness over radial
part of hand
F – gives ulna part of hand p759
g.
Injury proximal to trunks will not affect
supraspinatus/infraspinatus
F – Suprascapular nerve comes off anterior division of superior trunk therefore
injury proximal to trunks will knock them out
h.
Fall onto the shoulder damages C8/T1
F
i.
Pec major only muscle that can test all roots
T – C5-T1
j.
suprascapular nerve is C5,6
T
k.
nerve to subclavius is C5, 6
T
l.
serratus anterior supplied by C6/7/8
F – C5,6,7
m.
all branches originate from roots, divisions or cords
F – The early ones come off early eg dorsal scap n comes off venral ramus of
C5
n.
suprascapular nerve comes off the posterior cord
F
o.
dorsal scapular nerve comes off C5
T
p.
is contained in the anterior triangle of the neck
F - the roots are in the posterior triangle of the neck and leave through the
gap between anterior and middle scalene p708
q.
there are 7 divisions of the trunks
F- No 6
r.
the nerve to subclavius is the only trunk
F - No it is a branch coming off a trunk
s.
the radial nerve is derived from C7,8,T1
F - No it is C5-T1
t.
the axillary nerve is derived from the lateral chord
F- No it is from the posterior cord
u.
the roots lie between the scalene muscles
T - p 708
2.
Injury to the middle trunk of the brachial plexus
a.
will mean C8 sensation will be affected
F - No
b.
will manifest in the medial chord
F - Wrong
c.
will affect the long thoracic nerve
F - Wrong. It comes off the roots
d.
will affect the median nerve
T
e.
all of the above
F
3.
In the upper limb, which is CORRECT? P682
a.
Upper arm recieves supply from T4
F - Wrong
b.
upper arm and forearm supplied by C3,4,5,6,7,8,T1
F - Wrong not C3
c.
upper arm dermatomes are C4,5,8,T1
T -C4 is in neck. ?? Could this be best answer??
d.
elbow flexion is C7,8
F - No. C5,6
e.
thumb dermatome is C8
F - No, C6
4.
Which myotome is incorrect:
a.
C5 shoulder adduction.
F - Adduction is C6,7
5.
Which movement of the arm does not involve C6
a.
Pronation
T – C7 via pronator quadratus and pronator teres
b.
Supination
F – C6 supinator and biceps brach
c.
shoulder adduction
F – C6,7,8
d.
wrist flexion
F – C6,7,8 (FCU + FCR)
e.
wrist extension
F – C6,7,8 (ECRL and brevis and ECU)
See 736, 737, 742, 793, 801, 806, 807
ANATOMY
5
5.
Which is a branch of medial cord
a.
Medial pectoral nerve
T – C8, Ti
b.
Lateral pectoral nerve
F – lateral cord c5-c7
c.
Dorsal scapula
F – ventral ramus c5
d.
Axillary nerve
F – terminal branch posterior cord c5,6
e.
Lower subscapular
F – anterior branch of posterior cord P711 moores
6.
Which one of the following statements regarding the dorsal
scapular nerve (nerve to the rhomboids) is correct
Pg 695, 708 to 711 (good table 710)
a.
it is a branch of C6 from the cervical plexus
F - C5 ventral ramus with common contribution from C4
b.
it passes through scalenus medius
T
c.
it usually gives a branch to serratus anterior
F - no branches mentioned
d.
it does not supply levator scapulae
F - occasionally supplies levator scapulae
e.
it is at risk of injury as it runs superficial to the rhomboids F - enters deep surface of rhomboids
7.
something medial nerve injury affects
a.
all of arm flexors
8.
If the median nerve is injured at the level of the wrist, which
of these actions CANNOT be performed? Pg 739 Moore
a.
oppose thumb to little finger
T – as below
b.
flex tip of thumb
T - flexor Pollicus Longus supplied by ant interosseous nerve from median
anterior interosseous nerve supplies pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis
longus and FDP non-ulna portion. It is a branch of the MEDIAN n in th
distal part of the cubital fossa)
9.
Injury to wrist with impairment of Abduction of thumb,
what other lesion is probable p833NM
a.
Inability to flex DIP joint index finger
F - The innervation to FDP, FDS is Median nerve (ulna nerve to median part of
FDP) BUT it is ABOVE the wrist (and lumbricals 2,3,4 + interossei with still be
working from ulna n)
b.
Inability to flex DIP joint index finger
F
c.
Inability to oppose thumb to little finger
T - AbdPB and OP are both supplies by Median nerve
10.
Which of the following findings makes the diagnosis of
carpal tunnel syndrome UNLIKELY?
a.
wasted thenar muscles
F
b.
loss of sensation over the thenar eminence
T - Correct answer because palmar cutaneous branch comes off before the
carpal tunnel
11.
Regarding the radial nerve p710, 713, 714 p794NM
a.
it runs with profunda brachii in the radial groove
T - pg 83 Lasts
b.
it contains fibres from C 5,6,7,8 only
F - T1 as well) Moore 713
c.
it has no cutaneous branches in the upper arm
F – supplies skin of post aspect of arm-posterior cutaneous nerve of arm- and
forearm Moore 713
d.
it occupies the whole length of the radial groove
F – lies for most part behind medial head of triceps separating it from bone.
Only at lateral edge of humerus is nerve in contact with periosteum of lower end
of radial groove) pg 83 Lasts
e.
Runs with profunda brachii in the radial groove
T
f.
gives off the posterior interosseus in the spiral groove
F - No. comes off later
g.
contains only fibres of C 5,6,7
F - No gives C5-T1
h.
occupies the entire length of the radial groove
?
i.
passes through the quadrilangular space
F - No. I think it comes through triangular space
j.
it gives off the posterior interosseous nerve
in the radial groove
F - No. It gives off PIN at level of lateral epicondyle of the humerus
ANATOMY
6
12.
Ulna digital nerve supply p78 LASTS (Moore page 782, 783, 774)
a.
digital nerve branches lie superficial to the superficial
palmar arch
F - No they lie deep to it.
b.
digital nerve lies dorsal to the digital nerve along
the fingers
T
c.
common digital nerves lie superficial to superficial arch F
d.
palmar nerves only supply palmar surface
F
e.
digital nerves are only sensory.
T
f.
digital nerve lie posterior to digital artery
F - NO. it is NAV palmar to dorsal
13.
Dorsal scapular nerve
a.
Supplies deep part of rhomboids
T - pg 695 Moore (and levator scapulae)
b.
Branch of cervical plexus – C4
F - (kinda true but not best answer – arises chiefly from post aspect of ventral
ramus C5 with frequent contribution from C4) pg 708-moore
14.
What is supplied by PIN
(continuation of deep branch of radial nerve)?
a.
Extensor carpi radialis longs
F– radial nerve branch above elbow, before PIN given off pg 99 lasts, pg 742
Moore
b.
Anconeus
F – radial nerve branch that leaves trunk in radial groove)
c.
Extensor carpi ulnaris
T
15.
Which nerve does not pass through the muscle shown
a.
radial nerve and brachiradialis
F - doesn’t go through. It runs btwn brachialis and brachioradialis
b.
posterior interosseous nerve and supinator
T - It does
c.
musculocutaneous and coracobrachials
T - It does
d.
ulna nerve and FDS
F - it passes through FCU
e.
median nerve and pronator teres
T - Yes.
16.
Regarding the cutaneous nerve supply to arm and f
orearm (moore 682)
a.
C3/4 supply pectoral and upper shoulder
F - No. C3/C4 supply the neck. The pec is supplied by T1-T5
b.
Branches of the brachial plexus supply arm and forearm T
c.
C4/5/6 T1 supply the majority of the arm
F - Not really. C7 and C8 supply a lot
17.
Which is true concerning digital nerves?
a.
arteries are superficial to them on the palm of the hand F - No NAV from palmar to dorsal
b.
they are purely sensory
T
18.
Which mucle is supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve
in the cubital fossa p742
a.
Extensor carpi radialis longus
F - No radial n
b.
Anconeus
F - No radial n
c.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
F - ?radial n
d.
Extensor digitorum
T - Yes but ?in cubital fossa
e.
Supinator
F - By deep branch of radial n accord to Moore BUT by PIN accord to
LASTS…. Ie CORRECT BY LASTS
ANATOMY
7
Upper Limb - Muscles
19.
Which muscle initiates shoulder abduction
a.
the multipennate centre of deltoid
F
b.
the anterior and posterior fibres of deltoid
F
c.
supraspinatus
T – first 10degrees but deltoid is chief abductor
d.
teres minor
F – aids lat rot’n
20.
Which causes lateral rotation of the shoulder ? p792 table 6.13
a.
Subscapularis
F
b.
teres minor
T- from BLITZ
c.
teres major
F
d.
deltoid
T - YES deltoid and teres minor are synergists (infraspinatus is main one)
e.
serratus anterior
F
f.
Is conducted by muscles supplied by C5
T – but C5 and C6(infrspin, teres, deltoid)
g.
Is associated with shoulder adduction
F – abduction
21.
What stabilises the abducted shoulder ? p789
a.
Capsule
F
b.
long head of triceps
T – from BLITZ
c.
glenohumeral ligament
F
d.
coraco-acromial arch
F
e.
gleno-humeral joint
F
f.
Is largely due to the glenoid labrum
F
g.
Is mainly due to the glenohumeral ligaments
F
h.
Is due mainly to musculotendinous cuff
F - UNSURE but blitz says triceps
22.
Rotator cuff includes all the following EXCEPT p698
a.
Subscapularis
F
b.
teres major
T - All the rest are rotator cuff muscles
c.
teres minor
F
d.
infraspinatus
F
e.
supraspinatus
F
23.
Which muscles directly attach the pectoral girdle
( scapula / clavicle) to the thorax
a.
pectoralis major
T – Prox to clavicle and sternum and insertion to humerus
b.
pectoralis minor
T
c.
subclavius
T
24.
Which pairing is correct regarding scapula movement: CHECK
a.
Protraction – serratus anterior
T - p752 Moore
b.
Rhomboids – depression
F - Retracts scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity
c.
Teres minor - arm lateral rotation
F - Serratus posterior
25.
Latimus dorsi p692
a.
arises from spinous processes of T2 to L5
F – T7-T12 pg 692 Moore
b.
externelly rotates humerus
F – medially rotates humerus – anterior attachment to humerus) pg 691 moore
c.
inserts into lesser tuberosity of humerus
F – floor of intertubercular groove of humerus) pg 691 Moore
d.
spirals around the upper border of teres major
F - spirals around lower border of teres major
e.
arise from the iliac crest
T
26.
Teres major table 6.2 p691
a.
forms the lateral border of the triangular space
F - forms upper border
b.
largely acts to extend the arm
F - No adducts and medially rotates
c.
forms the lower border of the quadrilangular space
T
d.
is supplied by the axillary nerve
F - No. C6.C7 lower subscapular nerve
e.
arises from the medial border of the scapula
F - No. From dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula
ANATOMY
8
27.
The deltoid p760 NM
a.
is supplied by the axillary nerve
T - p711, 691Moore
b.
has a multipennate arrangement for maximal
range of movement
T - There is a unipennate ant and post part and a ,multipennate middle part
p695
c.
inserts into the bicipital groove
F - no.proximal attachment is lateral third of clavicle, acromion and scapula, and
distal end is deltoid tuberosity of humerus p691
d.
Is unipennate
F - mulitpennate in the middle and unipennate posteriorly and anteriorly
e.
Origin
From deltoid tubercle on humerus to lateral portion clavicle+spine of
scapula and acromion
f.
Innervation
Axillary n (C5,6)
28.
Regarding the subclavius; which is incorrect
a.
inserts into the first costochondral joint
T
b.
is important in stabilising the clavicle with shoulder
1.
movement
T
c.
supplied by the medial pectoral nerve
F – by n to subclavius
29.
Serratus anterior (pg 689)
a.
Protracts scapula
T - pg 688 Moore
b.
Formed by 6 slips
False – has muscular slips ?how many - 8) p688
c.
Supplied by thoracodorsal nerve
F – long thoracic nerve supplies serratus
anterior, thoracodorsal supplies lat dorsi
d.
Medially rotates the shoulder
T - rotates scapula
e.
is unipennate
F - has fleshy slips
f.
Arises from the upper 6 ribs
F – arises from upper upper 1-8
th
ribs
g.
is supplied by the thoracodorsal artery `
F - artery is superior thoracic
30.
Pectoralis major (pg 687, 752 moore)
a.
Only muscle that can be used to test all levels of
brachial plexus
T
b.
Adducts arms
T
c.
Attaches to a tuberosity
F – proximal attachment – 2 heads – clavicular head, ant surface of medial
half of clavicle and Sternocostal head, ant surface of sternum, sup 6 costal
cartilages, aponeurosis of ext oblique muscle – distal attachment + lateral lip of
intertubercular groove of humerus
d.
Is accessory muscle of respiration
T – pg 80 moore – when breathing forceful and deep
e.
Abducts arm
F – adducts and arm and medial rotator of humerus
f.
Costal part has bone attachments
F - attaches proximally to costal cartilages
g.
supplied by all branches of the brachial plexus
F - it is supplied by all the ROOTS not branches p68
h.
is quadrilateral in shape
F - More triangular in shape
i.
inserts to the medial lip of bicipital groove
F - Proximal: Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial
½
of clavicle,
Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages,
aponeurosis of ext oblique.
Distal: Intertubercular groove of humerus
j.
is supplied by all 5 segments of the brachial plexus
T - YES C5-T1
k.
lies between biceps and the humeral shaft
F - No I don’t think so. I think it passes over the short head of biceps
l.
has a head arising from posterior surface clavicle
F- No the clavicular head arises from the anterior suface of the clavicle
ANATOMY
9
31.
Regarding the origins of Triceps Brachii, all are true EXCEPT
a.
all are below the radial groove and deltoid ridge
pg 723 moore – origin long head infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, lateral head
posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove, medial head post
surface of humerus, inf to radial groove)
b.
it has a curved origin
who knows what this meant??
32.
Triceps
a.
blood supply is posterior interosseus artery
F - No. p723
b.
is supplied by the radial nerve
T
c.
only has two heads
F
d.
stabilises the shoulder in adduction
F - IN ABDUCTION
e.
often has it’s nerve supply compromised by humreal
shaft fractures
F - Not likely to paralyse triceps because nerves leave high
33.
Which pair supply Biceps femoris?
a.
Obturator and Tibial nerve
F
b.
Femoral and obturator nerve
F
c.
Tibial and common peroneal nerve
T - long head tibial n, short head common fibular nerve
Long head attaches to ischial tuberosity and short head attaches to
linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line and both go to lateral
tibial condyle via a tendon which is split into two by the
fibular collateral ligament
d.
Common peroneal and femoral nerve
F
e.
Tibial and femoral nerve
F
34.
Which one of the following statements regarding the
biceps muscle of the arm is correct – Pg 722 table 6.5
a.
the long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle
F - from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
b.
the short head arises from the acromian process
F - from coracoid process of scapula
c.
it is supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve
T - C5, C6
d.
it inserts into the bicipital tuberosity of the ulna
F - tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicepital aponeurosis
e.
it is a powerful pronator of the forearm
F - Supinates and flexes forearm
f.
the two heads merge in the upper arm
F
g.
is supplied by the median nerve
F - No musculocut nerve
h.
is a supinator of the forearm
T
i.
the short head arises from the acromion
F - No from tip of coracoid process of the scapula
j.
the long head arises from the greater tuberosity
of the humerus
F - No from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
NOTE: Long head of biceps brachii runs over superior humerus under the
transverse humeral ligament and attaching to supraglenoid tubercle. Plays a
role in keeping humerus from moving superiorly, so query in abduction?
Couldn’t find this in textbook but asked Parko and that’s what he thought.
35.
Regarding brachialis; which is correct pg 722, 723 Moores
a.
innervated by the radial nerve
F – innervated by musculocutaneous nerve)
b.
inserts upper 1/3 of humerus
F – distal
½
of anterior humerus)
c.
inserts coronoid process of ulna
T - and tuberosity of ulna)
d.
arises from the upper third of the humerus
F - origin distal half of anterior of humerous
e.
inserts into the coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna T
f.
is supplied exclusively by the radial nerve
F - Musculocutaneous N
g.
is a powerful supinator of the forearm
F - flexes forearm
h.
adducts the arm
F
36.
Pronator teres
a.
Pure pronator
F - pronator of forearm and flexor of elbow joint pg 737 moore
proximal attachment medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of
ulna to lateral surfaceof redius
b.
Attaches to maximal concavity of radius
F – attaches to radius most lateral point, which occurs approx in middle of its
curved body)
c.
Ulnar nerve goes between 2 heads
F – No between two heads of FCU
ANATOMY
10
37.
Which is false with respect to the lateral intermuscular septum
a.
Origin of medial head of triceps
?F
b.
pierced by anterior branch profunda brachii artery
c.
pierced by poterior branch profunda brachii artery
d.
brachiradialis is anterior
?T
NOTE: c, e is true of lateral intermuscular septum – is the attachment of triceps
behind but not sure if medial head and is pierced by profunda brachii artery but
don’t know whether post/ant)
e.
medial head of triceps arises from it.
T
f.
it has brachioradialis as an anterior relation
T
g.
pierced by the radial nerve
T
h.
it extends along the lateral suprachondylar line
T
38.
Regarding flexor digitorum superficialis
a.
It arises from the coronoid process and
sublime tubercle
T - Ulna head Arises from coronoid process. ,medial epicondyle of humerus
(CFO), ulnar collateral lig,. Radial head superior half of anterior border of radius
b.
The tendons of the little/index fingers travel
superior to those of the middle/ring fingers
F - 3,4 superficially and 2,5 deeper therefore this is wrong
39.
Flexor digitorum profundus Moore 737
a.
assists pronator quadratus in pronation
F - No PT
b.
is supplied 10 % of the time purely by the median nerve F
c.
is the strongest muscle of the forearm
T - ?YES
d.
partly inserts into the flexor retinaculum
F - No. Palmaris longus
e.
has it’s action enhanced by wrist flexion
F- No. Strengthened in extension
f.
Attachment olecranon and anterior surface of radius
F - No. It attaches to the olecranon and upper
¾
of the medial border of the
ULNA + IO membrane
g.
it is the strongest forearm muscle
T - Straight from Last’s p 64
40.
Flexor pollucis longus is
a.
unipennate muscle with fibres inserting into its
radial side
T - but the base of the distal phalanx is the insertion – useful in
distinguishing from flexor carpi radialis) lasts 91
NOTE: Long flexor of thumb, only flexor of interphalangeal joint of thumb, also
flexes MCP and carpometacarpal joint of thumb and wrist.
41.
Forearm muscles p742, 736
a.
pronator teres is the most powerful pronator
F - No pronator quad is strongest pronator
b.
palmaris longus is absent in 30 % of cases
F - No in 14% of cases
c.
FPL is unipennate
T
d.
FCR runs over whole length of flexor retinaculum
F - No it runs over the distal half of it and palmar aponeurosis
e.
pronator quadratus arises from lower radius
F - No arises ulna INSERTS radius
42.
Deepest mid-forearm structure is
a.
FPL
T
b.
median nerve
F - Descends between FDS and FDP
c.
basilic vein
F - No is only in upper arm and is superficial
d.
radial artery
F - No p750
e.
ulnar nerve
F - No runs FCU and FDS
ANATOMY
11
43.
Lumbricals
a.
are all supplied by ulnar nerve
F - ulna and median
b.
form proprioceptive bridges between flexors and
extensors
T
c.
aid in flexion of the terminal phalanx
F - they flex at MCP and extend IPJ pg 770 Moore, confusing in pg 120
Lasts
d.
oppose the actions of the interossei
F - same action
e.
arise from flexor digitorum superficialis
F– from 4 profundus tendons – lasts pg 112
f.
all are supplied by the ulnar nerve
F - 2 ulnar lumbricals supplied by ulna and 2 radial lumbricals supplied by
median nerve
g.
form a proprioceptive bride between flexors and
extensors
T – pg 120 Lasts
44.
Regarding the interossei of the hand, which is INCORRECT
(Moore 770) pg 832, 833NM
a.
arise from flexor retinaculum
F - No. From MC’s
b.
palmar cause abduction
F - No PAD DAB
c.
palmar have two heads of origin
F - No palmar are unipennate, dorsal Bipennate
d.
innervated by deep branch of ulnar nerve
T
e.
combined palmer and dorsal causes abduction
F - No assist lumbricals with flexion. PAD DAB
f.
when act together, flex the MCPJ
T - Yes and extend the IPJ
g.
They arise from the tendons of Flexor digitorum
Superficialis
F - No arise from the MC’s (lumbricals arise from tendons of FDP not FDS)
h.
Palmar interossei have two heads
F - NO. Dorsal are bipennate
i.
They abduct the fingers
T -. The dorsal ones do
j.
They are chiefly responsible for flexion of MCP
joints & extension of DIP joints
F - No. In conjunction with the lumbicals they do this ie NOT CHIEFLY
k.
insert into proximal phalanx
T - they do AND dorsal/extensor expansions
l.
insert into dorsal expansion
T - they do AND proximal phalanx AKA extensor expansion
m.
when act together, the dominant action is adduction
F - Dominant action when together with each other plus lumbricals is MCP
flexion and IP ext
45.
Palmar interosseii
a.
have two heads
F - No they are unipennate, dorsal are bipennate
b.
abduct the fingers
F - No PAD
c.
chiefly responsible for flexion MCPJ and extension PIPJ F - No. This is lumbricals p 833 M
ANATOMY
12
Upper Limb – Fascia and spaces
46.
Which does not pass through the clavipectoral fascia
a.
Lymphatics
F – In
b.
cephalic vein
F – In
c.
medial pectoral nerve
T – it does not pass through
d.
thoracoacromial artery
F – Out
e.
lateral pectoral nerve
F – out
2in 2 out: in cephalic vein, lymphatics, OUT lateral pectoral nerve and
thoracoacromial artery. However, part of clavipectoral fascia superior to pec
minor – costocoracoid membrane – pierce by lateral pectoral nerve
47.
Which is not true regarding the quadrangular and
triangular spaces (pg 65 Lasts)
a.
both share the same medial border
T - (long head of triceps)
b.
the circumflex scapular artery passes through
the quadrangular space
F - (correct for question – post circumflex humeral artery)
c.
long head of triceps forms a border of both spaces
T - (medial border)
d.
the triangular space transmits the radial nerve
T
e.
teres minor does not form a boundary of either space ? Viewed from behind – teres minor bounds the quadrangular space superiorly)
f.
circumflex humeral artery thru triangular space
F
g.
both share the same medial border
T
h.
circumflex humeral artery passes through quadrilangular T
i.
long head of triceps borders both spaces
T
j.
Triangular space admits the radial nerve
T
k.
teres minor does not form a border to either space
F - It does from a triangle superior border from the posterior view (!?)
48.
Regarding the hand what is INCORRECT
a.
3 palmar spaces
F – 2 palmar spaces – midpalmar and thenar space – p 765 Moore)
b.
septum between midpalmer and thenar spaces
? - formed by lateral border of palmar aponeurosis to 3
rd
metacarpal p 765
Moore
c.
deep transverse ligaments
F
d.
relationship between digital nerves and arteries
à digital nerves palmar to arteries in midpalmer
space or similar
T
49.
In the cubital fossa which of the following is lateral
to the radial artery
a.
brachial artery
F
b.
median nerve
F
c.
biceps tendon
F
d.
posterior interosseus nerve
T
50.
In the cubital fossa p731
a.
nerve to pronator teres is derived from the radial nerve F
b.
radial nerve is medial to biceps tendon
F
c.
the ulna artery lies superficial to the pronator teres
F
d.
radial artery originates from brachial artery
T
e.
the median nerve lies lateral to the brachial artery
F
f.
posterior interosseous nerve lies lateral to radial nerve T
g.
medial cutaneous nerve to forearm lies medial to basilic F - It does run with the basilic but I think it is lateral to it
ANATOMY
13
51.
Which is FALSE regarding the carpal tunnel,
p772,775 Moore p836,840NM
a.
Median nerve and flexor policis longus are superficial
T
b.
Flexor policis longus has it’s own sheath
T
c.
FDS and FDP tendons lie within the same sheath
at the tunnel
T
d.
FCR tendon may pierce the flexor retinaculum
T
e.
FCU lies within the canal of Guyon
F - it holds ulna art and nerve only
f.
tendon of FPL and median nerve lie in superficial
compartment
F
g.
eight flexor tendons share a common sheath
T - They sit in a common flexor sheath
h.
tendon of FPL and median nerve lie in superficial
compartment
F - No.Median n runs superficial and FPL below it
i.
eight flexor tendons share a common sheath
T - The tendons of FDS and FDP sit in a
common flexor sheath
.
j.
FPL in same sheath
F - As what? FPL is in its OWN sheath
k.
median nerve runs superiorly
T - superior to FPL
52.
Midpalmar space NMp829
a.
extends into lumbrical canals distally
T - Prob Yes
b.
is continuous with common carpal space
F – probably false
c.
extends proximally to the origin of FDS
F
d.
lumbrical tunnels
F - It runs above the lumbricals so don’t think so
e.
common synovial sheaths
? - It runs below the common synovial sheath (I think they mean common flexor
sheath) so don’t think so. BUT BLITZ HAS THIS ONE ie would have a fucking
clue
53.
The anatomical snuff box p780
a.
has trapezoid palpable at it’s base
F -No. Scaphoid and trapezium
b.
has EPL on it’s ulna side
T - (EPB and AbdPL on radial side)
c.
contains the posterior interosseus artery
F - No contains the radial artery
d.
lies between EPLand APL
T- yes but EPB is closer of the radial side
e.
is most obvious with the thumb abducted
F - No. Extended and abducted
f.
wrong tendons as boundary option
Anatomical snuff box bound by APL and EPB anteriorly and EPL posteriorly pg
749 Moore
g.
Branches of the radial nerve can be palpated over
the tendons
F – because you can’t actually feel it
h.
The cephalic vein begins in the roof
T - YES accord to LASTS p 68
i.
The bones palpable are the radial styloid, scaphoid,
trapezium and the base of the first metacarpal
T
j.
The tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor
pollicis longus form one boundary
F - APL and EPB form one boundary and the EPL forms the other
k.
On one side is extensor pollicis brevis and on the
other are EPL and APB.
F - EPB and APL on one side and EPL on the other
l.
A cutaneous branch of the radial nerve is palpable
in the snuffbox.
F - It lies in the roof but good luck if you can actually palpate it...
m.
Cephalic vein is in the floor
F – in the roof
n.
Radial artery is palpable in it floor
T
o.
Scaphoid, trapezium, 1
st
MC + radial styloid are palpable T
ANATOMY
14
Upper Limb – Vessels
54.
Regarding lymphatic drainage of the arm p685
a.
superficial lymphatics follow volar aspect
?
b.
superficial travel with arteries
F – with veins
c.
deep travel with veins
T
d.
hand drains int apical LN in axilla
T
55.
Which of the following is not a branch of the axillary artery
a.
Medial thoracic
F
b.
Thoraco-acromial
F - 2nd part
c.
superior thoracic
F - 1
st
part
d.
posterior circumflex humeral
F - 3
rd
part
e.
dorsal scapular
T - from subclavian p1029
f.
circumflex scapula
F - Is a branch of the third part
g.
Lateral thoracic
T
NOTE:
1.
1
st
– superior thoracic
2.
2
nd
thorocoacr and lat thoracic
3.
3
rd
part – supra scap and ant +post circ humeral
56.
Regarding the radial artery, which is true? Pg 751 Moore
a.
it is medial to the radial nerve in the forearm
T – brachial artery splits into Y shape making radial and ulnar artery and the
nerves lie outside the arteries ie never cross. Therefore radial nerve is lateral to
radial artery and ulnar nerve is medial to ulnar artery in anatomical position
b.
it goes under supinator at the elbow goes under BR
F - above
c.
it is medial to the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa F – lateral
d.
in its middle third has the radial nerve medial to it
F - No. It is medial to it
e.
lies on brachioradialis in the upper arm
F - No. Deep to BR
f.
passes between the tendons of EPB and APL
F - Not between them but under both of them
g.
forms both the anterior and posterior carpal arches
T
h.
Largest branch of brachial a.
F - Who the fuck knows
i.
Lateral to rad n.
F - it lies medial to it
57.
The brachial artery p725
a.
is a continuation of the subclavian artery
T - sort of. BLITZ SAYS YES BUT AXILLARY COMES FIRST….
b.
runs parallel but deep to the profunda brachii
F - It shouldn’t be deep to profunda which is deep….
c.
is crossed posteriorly by the median nerve
F - No Anteriorly
d.
lies anterior to the cephalic vein
F
e.
lies lateral to the brachial plexus
T - YES accord to BLITZ
58.
Which is not a branch of the axillary artery ?
59.
The axillary artery p702, 699
a.
arises from the vertebral artery
F - No from the subclavian
b.
has no branches in it’s 3rd part
F - - No. It has three (circumflex scapular, posterior circumflex scapular,
Thoracodorsal
c.
is clasped in it’s 3rd part by the chords of the
brachial plexus
F - No. 2
nd
part is clasped by the cords
d.
supplies the pectoral muscles via the superior
thoracic artery
T - ?YES. Superior thoracic comes off the first part and supplies 1
st
and second
IC space ??pec muscles
e.
is divided into 3 parts by teres minor
F - No. By Pec minor
ANATOMY
15
60.
In the forearm the ulna artery p759, 760, p814, 815NM
a.
has the ulna nerve lying medial to it
T - (** same goes for medial nerve lying medial to rA)
b.
has the ulna nerve lying lateral to it
F- No. Medial to it
c.
supplies deep palmar arch
F - No. Superficial palmar arch which does anastomose with the deep
palmar arch…
d.
has common interosseus as it’s major branch
T – first branch of the ulnar A which divides into ant and post inteross.
Branches almost immed into these.
e.
pulsation felt radial to FCU
T
f.
Ulnar nerve lateral to the artery in the forearm
F - medial
61.
Regarding lymphatic drainage of the arm p750NM
a.
superficial lymphatics follow volar aspect
F – but most do
b.
superficial travel with arteries
F - No. with superficial v’s
c.
deep travel with veins
T - YES ?best answer
d.
hand drains into apical lymph nodes in axilla
F - most do but not all
ANATOMY
16
Upper Limb - Joints
62.
Regarding the acromio-clavicular joint, which is incorrect
a.
The coracoclavicular ligament is not important in
joint stability
F – it maintains it’s integrity
b.
It is a synovial joint
T – plane type
c.
It is supplied by the suprascapular nerve
T – supplied by suprascap nerve
d.
Movement is passive
T
e.
There is a thickening of fibres on top which
constitutes the acromioclavicular ligament
T
f.
is a complex joint with fibrocartilage intracapsular disc T
g.
Moved by subclavius
T - Kinda because it anchors AND depresses it
h.
Coracoclavicular ligament is not important in stability
F - the coracoclavicular (conoid and trapezoid portions) are more NB than AC
lig
i.
AC ligament is important in stability
F - Not hugely
j.
coraco-clavicular ligament is not a stabilising factor
F - CC lig anchors the clavicle to the coracoid process
k.
all movements are passive
T - they are all passive
l.
is innervated by the cervical plexus supraclavicular,
lateral pectoral and axillary nerves – brachial plexus
T
P784-787 p852NM
63.
The sternoclavicular joint p781,711 table 6.4
a.
is supplied by nerve branches C8 and T1
F - Incorrect C456
b.
contains two fibrocartilaginous discs
F - No. Has one disc and two compartments
c.
is the fulcrum of movements of the sterno-clavicular joint F
d.
is mostly stabilised by the costoclavicular ligament
T - There are three others also anterior and posterior SC ligaments and
interclavicular ligament
e.
communicates with the manubriosternal joint
F
ANATOMY
17
Upper Limb - Bones
64.
Loss of Greater tuberosity leads to loss of which movement ?
a.
Abduction and lateral rotation
T
b.
Adduction and medial rotation
F
c.
Abduction and medial rotation
F
d.
Lateral rotation
F
e.
Adduction and lateral rotation
F
65.
Humerus p788NM
a.
coracobracialis attaches to ?
From anterior part of mid humerus to coracoid process of scapula
b.
pectoralis minor attaches to ?
From ribs 3-5 to coracoid process
66.
The scaphoid articulates with all the following except
(diagram pg 675)
a.
Trapezium
F
b.
Triquetral
F
c.
Trapezoid
F
d.
Lunate
F
e.
hamate
T
67.
The flexor retinaculum attaches to all bones except
a.
Trapezium
F
b.
Hamate
F
c.
Pisiform
F
d.
Scaphoid
F
e.
capitate
T
68.
Which of the following bones is attached to flexor
and extensor retinaculum
a.
Scaphoid
F
b.
Hamate
F
c.
pisiform
T - Accord to Blitz
d.
trapezium
F
e.
triquetral
F
ANATOMY
18
f.
Lower Limb – Nerves
1.
By Hilton’s law which nerve does not supply the hip joint
P613 Moore p681 NM, p125 Last’s
a.
nerve to rectus femoris
F
b.
obturator nerve
F
c.
femoral nerve
F
d.
sciatic nerve
F
e.
guteal nerve
T - doesn’t cross joint but does supply hip joint
f.
inferior gluteal
T
2.
Regarding femoral nerve p 529, 530 Moore
a.
Deep and superficial branches of nerve separated by
lateral femoral circumflex artery
T
b.
Nerve runs between pectinues and adductor magnus
?
c.
Runs in adductor canal
F - Saph n (continuation of fem n) does
d.
Origin of nerve is anterior divisions of anterior rami
F - Posterior divisions of rami of L2,3,4 (Obturator n is anterior div’s of L234)
3.
The deep peroneal nerve travels through the lower leg
with which artery p 579 Moore
a.
Posterior tibial
F
b.
Common peroneal
F
c.
Deep peroneal
F
d.
Anterior tibial
T
4.
Which is not a branch of the common peroneal nerve
p582 Moore
a.
superior genicular nerve
F
b.
lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf
F
c.
inferior genicular nerve
F
d.
recurrent genicular
F
e.
sural nerve
F
?? no correct answer. Could say that (e) is best answer since it also receives
supply from tibial n.
FROM Lasts p319:Branches of common fibular before it splits into
superficial and deep are: Superior and inferior genicular nerves,
recurrent genicular, Lateral cutaneous nerve of calf, Sural communicating nerve
5.
With regard to cutaneous innervation of the lower limb
p 529, 602 Moore
a.
Branches of the tibial nerve supply most of the dorsum
of the foot
F - this is largely by superficial fibular nerve going
OVER the extensor retinaculum
b.
The medial plantar nerve supplies a greater area
than the lateral
T - Medial plantar nerve supplies a greater portion of the sole than
does the lateral
c.
Deep peroneal nerve supplies the 3
rd
digital cleft
F - The 1
st
web space
d.
Sural nerve supplies the medial malleolus
F - Saphenous nerve
e.
Superficial peroneal nerve supplies the 1
st
inter-digital cleft F - deep fib does this
ANATOMY
19
6.
The dermatome supplying the great toe is usually
a.
L3
F
b.
S1
F
c.
L5
T – 529 Moore, 539 NM
d.
S2
F
e.
L4
F
7.
The correct dermatome for the little toe p529 Moore, 539 NM
a.
S1
T
b.
L5
F
c.
S2
F
d.
S4
F
6.
Which is the CORRECT myotome p 539 NM
a.
S1 supplies hip abduction
T – as well as L5
b.
L3,4 causes knee extension
T – L3/4 kick the door
c.
L5 supplies skin of dorsal 1st web space
F – L5 is the great toe
d.
plantar flexion L4,5
F – S1/2 plantarflex, L4/5 dorsiflex
e.
shoulder abduction C5,6
T – it does Deltoid from axillary n c5,c6,
supraspinatus from suprascapular n mainly c5
f.
ankle eversion L 4
F – inversion
g.
elbow extension C7,8
T – via radial nerve
h.
opponens pollicis C8
T – via recurrent branch of the median nerve
i.
Muscle/movement supplied by single peripheral nerve F – by a single or pair of SPINAL nerves
j.
Knee is flexion is L3,4
F – L5, S1 by the hamstrings p563. L3/4 kick the door p531
k.
Shoulder adduction is C5
F – C6/7/8 p791, 688, 691
l.
Foot inversion is L4
T – correct p577
m.
Elbow extension C6/7
F – C7/8 shut the gate
n.
C6, 7 Wrist flexion/extension
T
o.
C7 adduction and medial rotation
T
p.
C7.8 finger flexion ext of fingers, extension of elbow
T
q.
T1 – adduction abduction of fingers
T
ANATOMY
20
Lower limb – Muscles
8.
Which of the following does not insert into the greater
Trochanter p551 Moore
a.
Gluteus maximus
T
b.
Pirifornis
F
c.
Obturator internus
F
d.
Superior gemelli
F
e.
Obturator externus
F
9.
Gluteus maximus p551 Moore, p 608NM
a.
is the deepest of the gluteal muscles
F - it is most superficial
b.
is supplied by L5, S1
F - Sort of, by L5, S1, S2 (could be correct too)
c.
medially rotates and extends the hip
F - It does extend the thigh but doesn’t medially rotate
d.
forms the skin crease of the gluteal fold
T
10.
Popliteus p588, 589 Moore, 649NM
a.
does not attach to lateral meniscus
F - It goes from lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle AND
lateral meniscus to posterior surface of tibia superior to soleal line
? p621 Moore
b.
causes lateral rotation of femur on fixed tibia
T - It rotates femur laterally 5 degrees on a fixed tibia to unlock
the joint (also rotates tibia medially when limb is unplanted) p588 Moores
c.
arise from the tibia above the condyles
F - below the condyles
d.
Is part of the capsule of the knee
? – passes through the capsule but is adherent to the capsule p588 Moores
e.
Is supplied by the tibial nerve
T – L4, L5 S1
f.
slopes upwards and medially
F - up and laterally
g.
inserts into the lateral meniscus
T
h.
acts to lock the knee in full extension
F - to unlock
i.
is innervated by a branch of the common peroneal nerve
F - tibial nerve
j.
is a weak flexor of the knee
T - And it unlocks knee and rotates femur 5 degrees on fixed tibia and
rotates tibia on unplanted limbs
k.
intracapsular
F - Sort of half and half since it inserts in lateral meniscus and lateral
femoral condyle in the joint capsule and then emerges from the
capsule and attaches to the tibia medially superior to soleal line
