13.
(a)
Award [1] for each correct structure and its role.
Structure
Role
I:
mitochondria
produce ATP / site of (aerobic)
respiration;
II:
nucleus
contains genetic information / produces
RNA /
site of replication;
III:
(rough) endoplasmic
reticulum
(site of) translation / protein production /
protein
transport;
3
(b)
(i)
A in nucleus / A in mitochondria
1
(ii)
B in a mitochondrion
1
(c)
(i)
insulin / glucagon
1
Do not accept proteins.
(ii)
vesicles formed at / bud off from RER;
product carried to Golgi apparatus (and modified there);
vesicles carry product to plasma membrane;
fuse with membrane;
release product (to lumen) / exocytosis;
ATP used / energy required;
3 max
[9]
14.
(a)
metabolic pathways / metabolic
reactions / metabolism / anabolism and catabolism
1
(b)
(i)
salivary gland / pancreas;
pH 7.5 (
±
0.5);
lipase; (accept lipidase)
pancreas;
4
(ii)
ionic bonds / polar bonds broken / disrupted /
charge distribution altered;
ionization of amino / carboxyl groups altered;
conformation / shape of enzyme / active site altered /
tertiary structure altered;
enzyme denatured;
2 max