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1- Flashcard

visible aggregation of particles caused by combination with specific antibody

Agglutination

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2- Flashcard

Particulate antigens with its specific antibody

Agglutination - Large

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3- Flashcard

Soluble antigens by soluble antibodies forming insoluble complexes

Precipitation - Smaller

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Abs that produce such reactions

Agglutinins

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Agglutination of particles to which soluble antigen has been adsorbed is a serum

Precipitins

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Two – Step Process of Agglutination

  1. Initial binding/Sensitization
  2. Lattice Formation/ Forming of Large Aggregates
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7- Flashcard

involves Ag–Ab combination through single antigenic determinants on the particle and is rapid and reversible

Initial Binding/Sensitization

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8- Flashcard

is the formation of cross-links that form the visible aggregates.

Lattice Formation/Formation of Large Aggregates

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9- Flashcard

happens in a split of second, can be dissociated

Initial Binding/Sensitization

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10- Flashcard

represents the stabilization of Ag–Ab complexes; Visible aggregation or precipitation

Lattice formation/Formation of Large Aggregates

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11- Flashcard

Biological Carrier

Erythrocytes

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Artificial Carrier

Latex Particles/ Colloidal Charcoal

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13- Flashcard

Factors Affecting Ag-Ab Association (Sensitization)

  1. Particle Charge
  2. Electrolyte Concentration and viscosity
  3. Antibody type
  4. Antigen-to-antibody ratio
  5. Antigenic Determinants
  6. Physical Conditions (pH, Temperature, Duration of Incubation)
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14- Flashcard

Inert particles such as latex, RBCs, and bacteria have a net negative surface charge called the

Zeta Potential

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15- Flashcard

What is used to reduce the ionic strength of a reaction?

LISS (Low Ionic Strength Saline)

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Inert particles such as latex, RBCs, and bacteria have a net negative surface charge called the zeta potential; By reducing the ionic strength of a reaction medium (e.g., using low ionic strength saline [LISS]), antibody uptake is enhanced

Particle Charge & Electrolyte Concentration & Viscosity

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17- Flashcard

Determine the technique:

Removes negatively charged sialic acid residues from the cell surface membrane

Enzyme Pretreatment of RBCs

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18- Flashcard

Increase electrical conductivity of environment

Addition of Colloids (e.g albumin)

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19- Flashcard

Mechanical process to force red blood cells closer together

Centrifugation

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20- Flashcard

represents the physical attachment of antibody molecules to antigens on the erythrocyte membrane.

Sensitization

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