Description
In this collection we will go over the hematologic system, Components of blood, Structures of the Hematologic System, Oncologic Disorders and anemias
This collection is useful for all medical students
Study Set Content:
Potential Nursing Dx for Patients with
Anemia
Activity Intolerance r/t weakness, malaise m/b
difficulty tolerating
↑
’d activity
Imbalance nutrition: less than body requirements
r/t poor intake, anorexia, etc. m/b wt loss,
serum albumin,
iron levels, vitamin
deficiencies, below ideal body wt.
Ineffective therapeutic regimen management r/t
lack of knowledge about nutrition/medications
etc. m/b ineffective lifestyle/diet/medication
adjustments
Collaborative Problem: Hypoxemia r/t
hemoglobin
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Hemochromatosis
Iron overload disease
Over absorption and
storage of iron causing
damage especially to
liver, heart and
pancreas
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Polycythemia
Polycythemia is a condition in which
there is a net increase in the total number
of red blood cells
Overproduction of red blood cells may
be due to
a primary process in the bone marrow (a so-
called myeloproliferative syndrome)
or it may be a reaction to chronically low
oxygen levels or
malignancy
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Polycythemia
Complications
↑d viscosity of blood
hemorrhage and thrombosis
Treatment
Phlebotomy
Myelosupressive agents:
A number of new
therapeutic agents such as, interferon alfa-2b (Intron A)
therapy, agents that target platelet number (e.g.,
anagrelide [Agrylin]), and platelet function (e.g., aspirin).
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Thrombocytopenia
Disorder of decreased platelets
platelet count below 150,000
Causes
Low production of platelets
Increased breakdown of platelets
Symptoms
Bruising
Nosebleeds
Petechiae (pinpoint microhemorrhages)
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Thrombocytopenia
Types of Thrombocytopenia
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Abnormal destruction of circulating platelets
Autoimmune disorder
Destroyed in hosts’ spleen by macrophages
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
d agglutination of platelets that from microthrombi
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Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
(HIT)
HIT
Associated with administration of heparin
Develops when the body develops an antibody, or allergy
to heparin
Heparin (paradoxically) causes thrombosis
Immune mediated response that casues intense platelet
activation and relaese of procoaggulation particles.
Clinical features
Thrombocytopenia
Possible thrombosis after heparin therapy
Can be triggered by any type, route or amount of heparin
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Thrombocytopenia
Diagnostic Studies
Platelet count
Prothrombin Time (PT)
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)
Hgb/Hct
Treatment
Based on cause
Corticosteroids
Plasmaphoresis
Splenectomy
Platelet transfusion
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