12. Each of the following statements concerning the juxtamedullary nephrons is
true, EXCEPT:
A
– are the principal nephrons producing the urine; B – the diameters of their afferent and
efferent arterioles are equal; C
– their vasa recta have arteriovenous anastomosis; D –
their corpuscles are in proximity to the base of medullary pyramids; E
– serve for the blood
passage during exercise.
Directions
: one or more of the given statements or completions is/are correct. Choose the
answer: A
– if only 1,2, and 3 are correct; B – if only 1 and 3 are correct; C – if only 2 and
4 are correct; D
– if only 4 is correct; E – if all are correct.
13. The following structures are located in, and make up, the kidney medulla:
(1) descending limbs of the loops of Henle (2) ascending limbs of the loops of Henle (3)
collecting tubules and ducts (4) vasa recta
14. The following statements regarding the kidney medullary rays are true:
(1) are parts of the kidney cortex (2) project into the cortex from the medulla (3) contain the
collecting tubules (4) include the straight tubule components of nephrons
15. The following statements regarding the kidney lobule are true:
(1) consists of the collecting duct and all the nephrons it drains (2) the medullary ray is the
lobular centre (3) the interlobular blood vessels mark the boundaries between the adjacent
lobules (4) it is a renal secretory unit
16. The following statements regarding the kidney arterial portal system are true:
(1) the afferent arteriole branches and forms the glomerular capillaries (2) the glomerular
capillaries are drained into the efferent arteriole (3) the efferent arteriole branches and
forms the peritubular capillary network (4) the diameter of the efferent arteriole is larger
than that of the afferent arteriole
17. The following statements regarding the renal podocytes are true:
(1) are the cells of the capsular parietal layer (2) have processes subdivided into pedicels
(3) lack their own basement membrane (4) the processes of neighboring podocytes
interdigitate to form filtration slits
18. The following statements regarding filtration in the renal corpuscle are true:
(1) filtration is caused by high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries (2) the blood
formed elements and large proteins do not pass through the filtration barrier (3) filtration
results in the primary urine formation (4) contraction of afferent arterioles reduces filtration,
contraction of efferent arterioles increases it
19. The following statements regarding the renal mesangial cells are true:
(1) these cells and their extracellular matrix constitute the mesangium (2) are positioned
among the loops of glomerular capillaries (3) are enclosed by the capillary basal lamina (4)
are parts of the filtration barrier
20. The following statements regarding the functions of the renal mesangial cells
are true:
(1) are phagocytic and remove proteins, residues, and debris from the glomerular
basement membrane (2) provide structural support for podocytes where the basement
membrane is absent or incomplete (3) are contractile and play a certain role in regulating
the glomerular blood flow (4) take part in filtration
21. The structures taking part in the countercurrent exchange are as follows:
(1) loops of Henle (2) collecting ducts (3) vasa recta (4) convoluted tubules
22. The following statements regarding the renal loop of Henle are true:
(1) water diffuses into the hypertonic interstitium from its descending portion (2) its
ascending portion is largely impermeable for water (3) its ascending limb actively
transports ions from the lumen to the interstitium (4) the interstitium becomes hypertonic
due to the action of its ascending limb
23. The following statements regarding the renal collecting ducts are true: