A
– renal corpuscles; B – transitional epithelium; C – proximal convoluted tubules; D –
distal convoluted tubules; E
– medullary rays.
3. Each of the following statements concerning the nephrons is true, EXCEPT:
A
– are functional units of the kidney; B – have the renal capsules; C – include the
proximal and distal convoluted tubules; D
– include the descending and ascending parts of
the loop of Henle; E
– empty into the minor calyx.
4. Each of the following statements concerning the renal corpuscles is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– include the double-layered renal capsule; B – the capsular parietal layer consists of flat
cells and surrounds the capsular space; C
– the capsular visceral layer consists of
podocytes and surrounds the capillary glomerulus; D
– the glomerulus contains
continuous- type capillaries; E
– the site where afferent and efferent arterioles penetrate
the capsule is the corpuscle vascular pole.
5. Each of the following statements concerning the renal filtration barrier is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– includes the capsular parietal layer; B – includes the endothelium of glomerular
capillaries; C
– the glomerular basement membrane is the principal barrier component; D –
the glomerular basement membrane consists of three layers; E
– the lamina densa of the
glomerular basement membrane contains collagen network and acts as a physical filter.
6. Each of the following statements concerning the renal proximal convoluted
tubules is true, EXCEPT:
A
– are more tortuous and longer than the distal convoluted tubules; B – possess cuboidal
cells specialized for absorption and fluid transport; C
– lack the brush border and basal
striations; D
– reabsorb 80% of primary filtrate; E – reabsorb amino acids, sugars, and
other organic substances.
7. Each of the following statements concerning the renal distal convoluted tubules
is true, EXCEPT:
A
– have cuboidal cells with basal striation; B – their epithelial cells possess the brush
border; C
– reabsorb Na
+
under aldosterone control; D
– reabsorb water under ADH
regulation; E
– are less tortuous and shorter than the proximal convoluted tubules.
8. Each of the following statements concerning the renal collecting tubules is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– are lined with the cuboidal or low columnar epithelium; B – their epithelium includes
dark and light cells; C
– water permeability of their epithelium is regulated by ADH; D –
their cells possess the brush border; E
– their dark cells secrete hydrogen ions into the
urine creating its acid reaction.
9. Each of the following statements concerning the renal macula densa is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– is formed in the distal convoluted tubule at the site of tubule contact with the vascular
pole of its parent renal corpuscle; B
– is located between afferent and efferent arterioles; C
– its epithelial cells become higher and narrower, their nuclei appear crowded; D – its cells
control NaCl concentration in the urine and regulate renin release; E
– its cells produce
renin.
10. Each of the following statements concerning the renal juxtaglomerular cells is
true, EXCEPT:
A
– are modified smooth muscle cells; B – are located in afferent and sometimes in
efferent arterioles; C
– contain secretory granules; D – are chemoreceptors and control the
blood concentration of NaCl; E
– synthesize, store, and release renin.
11. Each of the following statements concerning the transitional epithelium is true,
EXCEPT:
A
– lines the mucosa of all excretory passages; B – its surface cells are dome-shaped and
bulge into the lumen; C
– is highly permeable for salts and water; D – consists of 5 or 6
layers in unstretched condition; E
– consists of 2 or 3 layers in stretched condition.