Study Set Content:
secrete IL-17 and other cytokines, which induce the secretion of chemokines responsible for recruiting neutrophils (and monocytes) into the reaction
Th17
this type of lymphoid organogenesis is often seen in the synovium of patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis
Tertiary Lymphoid Organs
abundant in immune reactions mediated by IgE and in parasitic infections
Eosinophils
are widely distributed in connective tissues and participate in both acute and chronic inflammatory reactions; Express on their surface the receptor (FcεRI) that binds the Fc portion of IgE antibody
Mast cells
many forms of chronic inflammation continue to show large numbers of neutrophils; , induced either by persistent microbes or by mediators produced by activated macrophages and T lymphocytes
Neutrophils
is a form of chronic inflammation characterized by collections of activated macrophages, often with T lymphocytes, and sometimes associated with necrosis
Granulomatous
are incited by inert foreign bodies, which induce inflammation in the absence of T cell– mediated immune responses.
Foreign Body granulomas
are caused by a variety of agents that are capable of inducing a persistent T cell–mediated immune response.
Immune granulomas
is the prototype of a granulomatous disease caused by infection
and should always be excluded as the cause when granulomas are identified.
Tuberculosis
pink granular cytoplasm within distinct cell boundaries and are called
Epitheloid cells
multinucleated giant cells are found in granulomas which are called
Langhans Cells
characterized by an elevation of body temperature, usually by 1°C to 4°C, is one of the most prominent manifestations of the acute-phase response
Fever
Three of the best known proteins in acute-phase
C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A (SAA) protein.
is a small protein that reduces the availability of iron to erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow
Hepcidin
the major growth factor for megakaryocytes (platelet precursors) in the bone marrow
thrombopoietin
Important mediators in acute-phase response
TNF, IL-1 & IL-6; also interferons
Substances that induce fever; include bacterial products (exogenous pyrogens, e.g LPS) and cytokines IL-1 and TNF (endogenous pyrogens)
Pyrogens
reduce fever by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
NSAIDs, including aspirin
based on binding fibrinogen to RBC causing “rouleaux” formation - inflammatory response
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
IL-6 is for
IL-1 and TNF is for
IL-6 is for CRP and fibrinogen
IL-1 and TNF is for SAA
