Study Set Content:
terminal sialic acid is also known as
N-acetylgalactosamine
originally defined as molecules that bind and mediate endocytosis of oxidized or acetylated low-density lipoprotein
Scavenger Receptors
After a particle is bound to a phagocyte receptor, extensions of the cytoplasm flow around it, and the plasma membrane pinches off to form an intracellular vesicle (phagosome) that encloses the particle
Engulfment
Killing of microbes is accomplished by
ROS (reactive oxygen species)
produced by the rapid assembly and activation of a multicomponent oxidase, NADPH oxidase (also called phagocyte oxidase),
Reactive Oxygen Species
In neutrophils, this oxidative reaction is triggered by activating signals accompanying phagocytosis and is called
Respiratory Burst
are extracellular fibrillar networks that concentrate antimicrobial substances at sites of infection and trap microbes, helping to prevent their spread
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)
important causes of injury to normal cells and tissues under several circumstances.
Leukocytes
induces the secretion of chemokines that recruit other leukocytes
IL-17
inflammation declines after the offending agents are removed simply because the mediators of inflammation are produced for only as long as the stimulus persists, have short half-lives, and are degraded after their release.
Termination of the Acute Inflammatory Response
are normally sequestered in intracellular granules and can be rapidly secreted by granule exocytosis and are synthesized de novo
Cell-derived Mediators
are produced mainly in the liver and are present in the circulation as inactive precursors that must be activated, usually by a series of proteolytic cleavages, to acquire their functional properties.
Plasma Derived Mediators
is marked by the exudation of cell poor fluid into spaces created by cell injury or into body cavities lined by the peritoneum, pleura, or pericardium
Serous Inflammation
does not contain microbes or large numbers of leukocytes
Serous Inflammation
develops when the vascular leaks are large or there is a local procoagulant stimulus (e.g., caused by cancer cells)
Fibrinous Inflammation
is characteristic of inflammation in the lining of body cavities, such as the meninges, pericardium
Fibrinous exudate
is characterized by the production of pus, an exudate consisting of neutrophils, the liquefied debris of necrotic cells, and edema fluid.
Purulent (Suppurative) Inflammation and Abscess
cause of purulent (also called suppurative) inflammation is
Infection with bacteria that causes liquefactive necrosis, Staphylococci
are localized collections of pus caused by suppuration buried in a tissue, an organ, or a confined space.
Abscesses
Pus-producing bacteria are called
Pyogenic
