Study Set Content:
- SN1 reactions are (blank) because the rate of reaction depends only on the concentration of one substance.
unimolecular
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- The Substrate
only tertiary substrates undergo SN1
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The Leaving group
same with SN2
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The Nucleuphile
- doesn't play a major role in SN1 reaction
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The Solvent
- favor a protic solvents
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- according to this rule, base-induced elimination reactions generally give the more stable alkene product—that is, the alkene with the larger number of alkyl substituents on the double bond.
- In the elimination of HX from an alkyl halide, the more highly substituted alkene product predominates.
Zaitsev’s rule
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C–X bond breaks first to give a carbocation intermediate, followed by base removal of a proton to yield the alkene.
E1 Reaction
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C–H and C–X bonds break simultaneously, giving the alkene in a single step without intermediates.
E2 Reaction:
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C–H bond breaks first, giving a carbanion intermediate that loses X– to form the alkene.
E1cB Reaction:
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- SN2 substitution occurs if a nucleophile such as I-, Br-, RS-, NH3, or CN-, is used
Primary Alkyl Halide
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- E2 elimination occurs if a strong base such as OH-or an alkoxide ion (RO-) is used
Primary Alkyl Halide
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- SN2 substitution predominates if a weakly basic nucleophile is used
Secondary Alkyl Halide
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- E2 elimination predominates if a strong base is used
Secondary Alkyl Halide
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- E1cB elimination occurs if the leaving group is two carbons away from a carbonyl group.
Primary and secondary Alkyl Halide
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- E2 elimination occurs when a base is used
- SN1 substitution and E1 elimination occur together under neutral or acidic conditions.
- E1cB elimination takes place if the leaving group is two carbons away from a carbonyl group.
Tertiary Alkyl Halide
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Benzonitrite
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Indene
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Naphthalene
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Biphenyl
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Anthracene
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Study Set Content:
SN1 reactions are (blank) because the ra...
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The Substrate
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The Leaving group
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The Nucleuphile
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The Solvent
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according to this rule, base-induced eli...
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C–X bond breaks first to give a carbocat...
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C–H and C–X bonds break simultaneously,...
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C–H bond breaks first, giving a carbanio...
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SN2 substitution occurs if a nucleophile...
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E2 elimination occurs if a strong base s...
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SN2 substitution predominates if a weakl...
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E2 elimination predominates if a strong...
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E1cB elimination occurs if the leaving g...
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E2 elimination occurs when a base is use...
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