Study Set Content:
are organic catalysts produced by living organism in the body. It speeds up reactions but are not used up by the reaction they catalyze.
Enzymes
They perform various complex, chemical reactions that make up life processes.
Enzymes
Enzymes are involved in various physiological processes in plants, such as the
breakdown of complex molecules, the synthesis of essential compounds, and the regulation of metabolic pathways.
In pharmacognosy, plant enzymes are often used in the development of
natural medicines, nutraceuticals, and functional foods.
Enzymes are(), but when isolated they still have their characteristic catalytic effect.
lifeless
They are () in their delicate tertiary structure.
proteins
Anything that disrupts this structure such as () or () will affect the enzyme activity.
high temperature, change in pH
They are (), () in water and dilute alcohol but are () by conc. alcohol.
colloids, soluble, precipitated
Most enzymes act best at temperatures between
35°C and 40°C.
Temperatures above (), especially in the presence of moisture destroy them, whereas their activity is negligible at ().
65°C, 0°C
Enzymes are proteins with molecular weight ranging from
13,000 to 840,000.
Enzymes play an important role in photosynthesis during the
Calvin Cycle
are building blocks but they do not possess the energy(capacity to do the work) necessary for the biochemical reactions. Only enzymes can furnish this energy.
Proteins, carbohydrates, fat and fiber
Types of plant enzyme groups used in pharmacognosy
Proteases
Amylases
Lipases
Cellulases
class of enzyme that catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins.
Proteases
class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch and glycogen into simpler carbohydrates.
Amylases
class of enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate found in plant cell walls, into simpler sugars.
Cellulases
class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of fats and oils into glycerol and fatty acids.
Lipases -
According to this hypothesis, () are like locks, and () are like keys that fit into the locks.
enzymes, substrates
When the substrate binds to the enzyme's active site, the enzyme undergoes a (), leading to the catalysis of the substrate into product.
conformational change
