Description
In this collection, there will be a bunch of questions
These questions include Antihypertensives, vasodilators, angina drugs, cardiac glycosides.
This collection is useful for medical, nursing, dental and pharmacy students
Study Set Content:
c. Affects small arteries including ophthalmic
d. Has an increased prevalence of HLA-DR4
e. Has no gastrointestinal manifestations
10. Select the true statement concerning atherosclerosis
a. Congenital absence of LDL cholesterol leads to premature
atherosclerosis
b. Thoracic aorta is more likely to be involved than the abdominal
c. Fatty streaks appear in the aortas of children as young as 1 year
d. Fatty streaks are destined to become atherosclerotic plaques
e. Endothelial disruption always precedes atheroma development
11. Select the false statement concerning atherosclerosis
a. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is associated with inadequate hepatic
uptake of LDL
b. CMV has been detected in human atheromatous plaques
c. Fibrous atheromatous plaques are capable of regression
d. Foam cells can be considered to be specialized macrophages
e. Atherosclerosis is associated with medial calcific sclerosis
12. With regard to aortic dissection, which is INCORRECT?
a. It tends to occur in 40-60 year old men
b. Approximately 90% of non-traumatic cases occur in patients with
antecedent hypertension
c. It is usually associated with marked dilation of the aorta
d. It is unusual in the presence of substantial atherosclerosis
e. It is usually caused by an intimal tear within 10cm of the aortic valve
13. Regarding the plaque in atherosclerosis, which is CORRECT?
a. Mixture of cells and connective tissure matrix
b. Rarely causes microemboli
c. Coronary arteries are the most affected
d. Thoracic aorta is more affected than the abdominal aorta
e. ?
14. Regarding atherosclerosis
a. Coronart arteries equally affected as renal arteries
b. Exclusively affects medium and large arteries
c. Increased incidence in hypothyroidism
d. Decreased incidence in nephritic syndrome
e. ?
15. Atherosclerotic plaques
a. Are located within the media
b. Involve the coronary arteries most heavily
c. Contain foam cells that are derived from macrophages and smooth
muscle cells
d. Are commonly found in arteries of the upper limb
e. Are rarely found at the ostia of branches of the descending aorta
16. false aneurysms
a. remain in the confines of the circulatory system
b. include berry aneurysms
c. can be fusiform or saccular
d. are produced by a leak at the junction of a vascular graft with a
natural artery
e. are commonly caused by syphilis
17. The most common cause of aortic dissection in the elderly
a. Hypertension
b. Marfan’s syndrome
c. Connective tissue disorders
d. Ischaemic heart disease
e. Aortic valvular disorders
18. Atherosclerosis
a. Is initiated by endothelial injury
b. Is a disease of the media of blood vessels
c. Predominantly involves arterioles
d. Is most common in the internal carotid arteries
e. Begins in middle age
19. Regarding atherosclerosis
a. The risk is directly related to HDL (high density lipoprotein) levels
b. The current “response to injury” hypothesis considers it to be an
acute inflammatory response to endothelial injury of arterial walls
c. It typically beings in childhood, but only manifests itself in later life
d. It involves smaller elastic and larger muscular arteries
e. 20% of all deaths in USA are attributable to this disease process
Answers Blood Vessels
back
1. b
2. a
3. a
4. e
5. b
6. c
7. e
8. e
9. e
10. c
11. e
12. c
13. a
14. b
15. c
16. d
17. a
18. a
19. c
Valvular heart disease MCQs
(from Louis)
1. Major etiologies of aortic valve stenosis include all except:
a. Rheumatic heart disease
b. Marfan syndrome
c. Age related
d. Congenital heart disease
2. Cardiac decompensation with aortic valve stenosis is associated with:
a. A dilated thin walled heart
b. Cor pulmonale
c. An ejection diastolic murmur
d. 2-5 year mortality of 50%
3. Major Jones criteria for rhematic fever include all except:
a. Fever
b. Chorea
c. Polyarthritis
d. Carditis
4. Rheumatic heart disease is commonly associated with all except:
a. Mitral valve stenosis
b. Right ventricular hypertrophy
c. Infective endocarditis
d. Congestive heart failure
5. Infective endocarditis is diagnosed using the
a. Jones criteria
b. Wells criteria
c. Duke criteria
d. HACEK criteria
ANSWERS
1. B, page 561, table 12-7, Marfan causes Ao regurg and Ao root dilation
2. D, page 562 (onset of symptoms = decompensation, 50% die in 5 years if angina, 50% in
die in 2 years if CHF)
3. A, page 566 – fever is minor criteria
4. B, page 566 – the pulmonary valve is rarely affected, typically (L)VH
5. C, page 569
1. Regarding complications of atherosclerotic plaques
a.
Atheroma plaques composing of large amount soft foam cells and lipid ,
are less likely to rupture than those with smaller amounts of lipid
b.
A severely stenotic plaque is required as a precipitating lesion for
patients who develop myocardial infarcts
c.
In the coronary arteries it is usually around 70% of a fixed occlusion that
is required to get stenosis and the signs of angina.
d.
Haemorrhage into a plaque is considered the most dangerous
complication
2.In aneurysms
a.
HT is the most common condition associated with aneurysms of the
descending aorta
b.
Atherosclerosis is the most common condition associated with aneurysms
of the ascending aorta
c.
Berry aneurysms are typically seen in the Circle of Willis
d.
All the above are true
3. Regarding arteries, which is true?
a.
As vessels become smaller the ratio of wall thickness to lumen diameter
becomes greater
b.
Capillaries are the principal points of physiological resistance to blood flow
c.
Capillaries have a media of spirally arranged muscle cells
d.
In many types of inflammation vascular leakage and leucocyte exudation
occur preferentially in pre- capillary venules.
4. Fenestrated endothelial layers are likely to be seen in the capillaries of which
organ?
a.
Spleen
b.
Liver
c.
Lung
d.
Adrenal gland
5. Of the following arteries, which is least likely to be affected by atherosclerosis?
a.
Vessels in the Circle of Willis
b.
Popliteal
c.
Coronary
d.
Abdominal aorta
6. Which of the following is not a major risk factor for atherosclerosis?
a.
Family history
b.
Cigarette smoking
c.
Obesity
d.
Male gender
7. Regarding hypertension
a.
Hypertension is defined as either sustained diastolic pressure >
100mmHg or sustained systolic pressure > 180mmHg
b.
10%of the general population are hypertensive
c.
5% of hypertensive patients develop malignant hypertension
d.
Hypertension is twice as common in white skinned people compared to
black patients
8. Which is associated with medium vessel vasculitis?
a.
Kawasaki disease
b.
Takayasu disease
c.
Churg –Strauss
d.
Wegners granulomatosis
9. In Giant cell arteritis
a.
It only affects the temporal arteries
b.
Is an uncommon vasculitis in the elderly in USA
c.
Thought to be a T cell mediated immune response against an unknown
agent
d.
A negative biopsy rules out the diagnosis
10. Thromboangiitis obliterans is commonly associated with
a.
Female gender
b.
Old age
c.
Obesity
d.
Cigarette smoking
e.
11. Regarding Raynaud’s disease (primary Raynaud’s phenomenon)\
a.
Usually associated with a connective tissue disorder
b.
Is associated to smoking
c.
Is common in young males
d.
It is rare to see ulceration
e.
12. Regarding deep venous thrombosis, which is not risk factor?
a.
CHF
b.
Pregnancy
c.
Adenocarcinoma
d.
All the above
13. Which of the following is a change seen in the aging heart
a.
Decreased myocardial mass
b.
Increased left ventricular cavity size
c.
Decreased left atrial cavity size
d.
Dilatation ascending aorta with rightward shift
14. In volume overload hypertrophy
a.
Is characterized by ventricular dilatation
b.
The wall thickness is the best way to measure hypertrophy in these
patients
c.
The wall thickness is always reduced
d.
None of the above are true
15. In left heart failure, which is an early and cardinal symptom?
a.
Weight gain
b.
Dyspnoea
c.
Fatigue
d.
Chest pain on exertion
16. Which is the most likely cause of cyanosis in early post natal life?
a.
Tetralogy of Fallot
b.
Transposition of the great arteries
c.
Truncus arteriosis
d.
Tricuspid atresia
17. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are
a.
Common above the renal arteries
b.
Common in Marfans syndrome
c.
Caused by intimal weakness
d.
A source of atheroemboli to the kidneys
18.Regarding aortic dissection
a.
The most common cause of death is dissection involving the coronary
arteries
b.
Usually commences with an intimal tear within 10cm of the aortic valve
c.
Men aged > 60years with antecedent HT constitute one of he most
common at risk groups
d.
Cystic medial degeneration is a rare pre exsisting histological lesion
19. Which of the possible complications of acute myocardial infarction would be
expected to be most delayed in onset?
a.
Arrhythmia
b.
Myocardial rupture
c.
Congestive heart failure
d.
Mural thrombus
20.The most frequent of all valve abnormalities is
a.
Aortic stenosis
b.
Aortic regurgitation
c.
Mitral stenosis
d.
Mitral regurgitation
21. Which is not a major criteria for rheumatic fever
a.
Sydenham chorea
b.
Subcutaneous nodules
c.
Pancarditis
d.
Erythema multiforme
22, The most likely organism responsible for prosthetic valve endocarditis is
a.
Staphylococci epidermis
b.
Staphylococcus aureus
c.
Streptococci viridans
d.
Haemophilus influenza
23. the most common form of pericarditis is
a.
Purulent
b.
Haemorrhagic
c.
Fibrinous
d.
Caseous
24. Regarding myocardial infarcts
a.
Severe ischaemia causes immediate cell death
b.
All regions of the myocardium are equally ischaemic
c.
Reperfuison of the myocardium within 20min of the ischaemia onset may
completely prevent necrosis
d.
A reperfused infarct is usually coagulative
25.Regarding acute plaque change, which is correct?
a.
Only haemodynamically significant lesions result in acute transformation
b.
Plaque rupture always results is occlusive thrombosis
c.
Statins have a beneficial effect by reducing plaque inflammation and
therefore increasing stability
d.
Plaque composition is stable once formed
26. Mitral valve prolapse
a.
Is often an incidental finding in young males
b.
Is associated with a mid diastolic click
c.
Is usually secondary to a herdatory connective tissue disorder ie Marfans
d.
Has a rare complication of causing infective endocarditis
27. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathies
a.
Are associated with myocardial hyperplasia
b.
Are associated with systolic dysfunction
c.
Are a leading cause of LVH unexplained by other clinical/pathological
cause
d.
The heart hypo-contracts
28. Regarding Infective endocarditis which is the correct pairing
a.
Native but pre damaged ,otherwise normal valves: staph. epidermidis
b.
Prosthetic valves: staph aureus
c.
Healthy valves: staph aureus
d.
Iv drug users haemophilus
29. Regarding heart tumours
a.
Rhabdomyomas are the most frequent primary tumour of infants hearts
and in the first year of life
b.
Fibromas are the most common primary tumour of the adult heart
c.
90% myxomas occur in the ventricles
d.
Myxomas are rarely solitary
30.Acute rheumatic fever
a.
Histologically aschoff bodies are only found in the pericardium.
b.
Is due to an immune reaction against Group B streptococci
c.
Occurs around 7 days after the strep. Pharyngitis
d.
1
st
attacks can occur in middle to late life
ANSWERS
1.c
2.c
3.a
4.d
5.a
6.c
7.c
8 a
9 c
10 d
11 d
12 d ( should read IS a risk factor)
13 d
14 a
15 b
16a
17d
18 b
19 b
20 a
21 d
22 a
23 c
24 c
25 c
26 d
27 c
28 c
29 a
30 d
