Description
this collection will cover a bunch of questions to all Medical, pharmacy and dental students who wants to prepare for anatomy test or to assure their studies
Study Set Content:
ANATOMY
41
42.
The alar ligaments connect the
a.
bodies of the axis to foramen magnum
F - from dens
b.
dens to foramen magnum
T - p506NM
c.
adjacent vertebral bodies posteriorly
F - this is the posterior longitudinal ligament
d.
tips of adjacent spinous processes
F - this is the supraspinous ligament
e.
adjacent laminae
F - This is the ligamentum flava
43.
Nasal Cavity
a.
floor – cribriform plate
F – Floor is the palatine processes of the maxilla
b.
roof is frontonasal/ethmoid
F – also sphenoid
c.
medial wall: nasal septum
T
d.
lateral wall: Sup,mid,inf conchae
T
44.
Regarding teeth: p994 Moore
a.
Premolars have more than 3 cuspsq
F - 2cusps (molars have three or more cusps)
b.
Deciduous teeth between 1 – 3 years
F - 1-2yrs
c.
Something with roots and apical foramen
The root canal transmits the nerves and vessels to and from the pulp cavity
via the apical foramen.
ANATOMY
42
Thorax – Nerves
1.
Phrenic nerve p125 instant anatomy, p188 Lasts
a.
Strives to reach midline at all levels
F
b.
Medial relations identical
F - completely different (R related to venous structures, L related to
arterial structures
c.
Only supplies own side of diaphragm
T
d.
Arises from C6
F - C3,4,5 (mainly C4)
e.
Both give off recurrent laryngeal nerve
F - No from Vagus
2.
Which one of the following statements concerning a typical
intercostal nerve is INCORRECT – Pg 100new moore
a.
it is a mixed spinal nerve
T
b.
it passes in the neurovascular plane between the internal
intercostal and innermost intercostal muscles
T
c.
is collateral branch has no cutaneous distribution
F – Wrong it does
d.
in its course around the body wall the nerve lies below
the vein and the artery T
e.
the main nerve itself has an anterior terminal branch
T - it has an anterior cutaneous branch
Thorax – Muscles
3.
In the chest wall p176 Lasts for intercostals space p93, 97 NM
a.
the neurovascular bundle lies between the external and
internal intercostals
F - it lies between the internal intercostals and the transversus
b.
the transversus muscle lies between the internal and
external intercostals
F - it goes ext interc, int interc and innermost inercostal muscles
c.
the intercostal artery lies between the nerve and vein
T - VAN from sup to inf
d.
the intercostal artery is more superficial than the vein
F
e.
runs nerve vein artery
F - Nerve inferior, then artery, then vein superiorly
f.
b) runs above rib
F - below
g.
c) runs under inferior border
T
ANATOMY
43
Thorax – Circulation
4.
Regarding the right coronary artery p156NM
a.
course through the left auricle and infundibulum
F - this is the LCA. The RCA goes between the R aortic sinus and pulm trunk.
RCA gives arises from the R aortic sinus of the ascending aorta and
passes to the R side of the pulm trunk running in the coronary groove.
The L goes between the L auricle and the pulmonary trunk.
b.
supplies 60% of AV nodes
F - Says 80% in Moore (via posterior IV artery)
c.
usually has a posterior interventricular branch
T - the artery which gives off the Post interventricular branch is the
dominant branch. This occurs from the R in 67% of people
d.
supplies 30% of SA nodes
F - Says 60% in Moores
e.
50% of AV nodes are supplied by the RCA
F - 80%
f.
50% of SA nodes are supplied by the RCA
F - 60%
g.
arises from posterior sinus
F - from R sinus
h.
wrong course
Course is to R of pulmonary trunk, running in coronary groove
5.
Coronary arteries p156 NM, 196 Lasts
a.
The right arises from the posterior coronary sinus
F - R aortic sinus
b.
There are arteriolar anastomoses between the
terminations of the left and right coronary arteries
T - They are considered end-arteries although collaterals do occur…
c.
The left supplies the conducting system in the
majority of patients
F - RCA suppliesSA in 60%, AV in 80%
d.
right arises from the posterior coronary sinus
F - from the R coronary sinus
e.
left supplies the conducting system in most patients
F - Not best answer: It supplies the IVS but the AV node is 80% and SA node
is 60% of time by RCA (via the anterior interventricular)
f.
right supplies the posterior descending branch in
most patients
T
g.
there are no arteriolar anastomoses between left and right F
6.
Regarding Internal Mammary artery p178 Lasts
(Ie the internal thoracic artery)
a.
Descends straight down 1cm medial to border off sternum F - 1cm lateral to border of sternum
b.
Branch of 2
nd
part of subclavian artery
F - 1
st
part
c.
Gives off two intercostal branches
F - Gives off two anterior intercostals at EACH intercostals space then
at the costal margin gives off superior epigastric and musculophrenic
d.
Runs with companion vein which drains into brachiocephalic T - x2 venae commitantes accompany it and drain into brachiocephalic vein.
Summary: Internal intercostals comes of the first branch of the subclavian artery
and descends 1cm lateral to the sterna border. It gives of two anterior
intercostals arteries at each intercostals space and splits into the superior
epigastric and musculophrenic arteries at the costal margin. It runs with x2
venae comitantes which drain into the brachiocephalic vein
ANATOMY
44
7.
Which one of the following statements concerning the
relations of the arch of the aorta is INCORRECT
Pg 143, 145
a.
the ascending aorta arches backwards to reach the body
of the fourth thoracic vertebra
T - as per paragraph below
b.
the arch is crossed on its left side by the phrenic
and vagus nerves
T - picture, difficult to tell but left side looks like phrenic and vagus
are close to aortic arch.
c.
the left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes upwards on
the left side of the arch of the aorta
F - Pg 150 loops around subclavian on right; on left runs around arch
of aorta and ascends in tracheo-oesophageal groove – so runs upward
on right side of aorta
d.
ends by becoming the thoracic aorta posterior to the
2nd left sternocostal joint
T
e.
the trachea lies on the right side of the arch of the aorta
T
The arch of the aorta, the curved continuation of the ascending aorta begins
posterior to the 2
nd
right sternocostal joint and the level of the sternal angle and
arches superoposteriorly and to the left. The arch of the aorta ascends anterior
to the right pulmonary artery and the bifurcation of the trachea to reach it’s apex
at the left side of the trachea and oesophagus, as it passes over the root of the
left lung. The arch descends of the left side of the body of T4 vertebrae.
ANATOMY
45
Thorax – Organs
8.
What is true of the anatomy of the trachea? P1098 NM and Wiki
a.
It is 20cm long and bifurcates below the manubrium
sternum?
F - 10cm longs and bifurcates at t4/t5 which is at the level of the
manubriosternal joint
b.
it starts at the level of the cricoid cartilage
T - starts just below the level of the cricoids cartilage p 187 lasts
c.
it is 5cm diameter in the adult
F - 10cm long
d.
bifurcates just below manubrium
T - at the level of T4 (starts at C6)
e.
bifurcates just below the sternal angle
F - AT the sterna angle
f.
starts at level of C4
F - C6-T4
g.
drains to axillary lymph nodes
F - deep cervical, pre/paratracheal nodes
h.
is supplied by glossopharyngeal nerve
F - vagus and recurrent laryngeal
i.
is marked at it’s lower end by the sternal angle
T
j.
enters the thoracic inlet slightly to the left
F - Pretty much midline
k.
commences below the cricoid at the level of C5
F - this is C6
l.
bifurcates below level of lower border of lower manubrium T - at the manubrio sternal jt (T/4/5)
m.
trachealis muscle aids swallowing
F - It lines the gap between the cartilage rings posteriorly.
It acts to constrict the trachea and thereby increase velocity of flow in coughing
9.
The oesophagus is narrowest at:
a.
level of cricopharyngeous
T - p201 Lasts
b.
C6
F
c.
At cardiac orifice
F
d.
C4
F
10.
The oesophageal opening in the diaphragm is at
a.
T6
F
b.
T8
F - SVC + R phrenic
c.
T10
T - + vagus
d.
T12
F - Aorta + azygous and hemiazygous, thoracic duct
e.
L1
F
11.
What travels through the diaphragm with the oesophagus p328 NM
a.
right vagus
T – at T10
b.
azygous vein
F - with aorta T12
c.
hemiazygos vein
F - but not sure if it goes through
d.
greater splanchnic nerves
F - goes separately through
e.
thoracic duct
F - with aorta T12
f.
posterior vagal trunk
T – at T10
g.
sympathetic trunks
F
h.
thoracic duct
F
i.
phrenic nerves
F – with IVC at T8
j.
vagus nerve
T
Summary:
T8: IVC + terminal branches of the R phrenic n and lymphatics,
T10: Oesophagus + vagus (way to remember: it is CNX and goes through
diaphragm at T10...), L gastric vessels, lymphatics
T12: (it is actually an opening posterior to the diaphragm) Aorta, thoracic duct,
azygous and hemiazygous
ANATOMY
46
12.
Which one of the following structures passes posterior to the
root of the right lung – p90, 100, 149, 150 Moores
a.
hemiazygous vein
F - on left side drains into left subclavian vein Pg 90
b.
right vagus nerve
T
c.
right phrenic nerve
F - passes anterior to root of right lung Pg 149
d.
thoracic aorta
F - posterior to root of Left lung
e.
right recurrent laryngeal nerve
F - does not go low enough on right, hooks around subclavian vein
13.
With regard to the bronchopulmonary segments, the following
are true except p125 NM
a.
There are approximately 10 segments in each lung
T - 10 in the R, 8-10 in the L p125 NM
b.
The lingula is divided into upper and lower segments
T - p209 Lasts
c.
Fibrous septa separate the segments
T
d.
segmental bronchus with pulonary vein
F - really segmental bronchus+ a tertiary branch of pulm artery.
Drained by intersegmental v
SUMMARY:
- Separated from adjacent tissue by septa
- Supplied independently by a segmental bronchus and a tertiary
branch of the pulm artery
- Drained by intersegmental veins which lie in the connective tissue
btwn adjacent segments
- They are pyramidal in shape with the apex facing the lung root
- The largest subdivision of a lobe
- Named according to the segmental bronchi supplying them
14.
The most superficial structure in the thoracic inlet is the
a.
vagus nerve
F
b.
superior vena cava
T - p 183 Lasts p85 NM
c.
right subclavian artery
F
d.
left subclavian artery
F
e.
thoracic duct
F - Summary: Thymus, veins, vagus, arteries, airway, git, lymph
15.
The diaphragm
a.
has the oesophageal opening opposite the T8 vertebrae
F - this is SVC
b.
is supplied by C4, 5, 6
F - C3,4,5
c.
has a major role in expiration
F - it is a passive process in normal respiration
d.
has a vena caval opening at T10
F - this is T8
e.
has an aortic opening opposite T12
T
16.
Which muscle is NOT used in forced expiration
a.
transversus abdominis
F
b.
rectus abdominis
F
c.
diaphragm
T
d.
external oblique
F
e.
internal oblique
F - **NB OBLIQUES is a distractor: don’t confuse with external intercostals
(in forced insp) and int intercostals (in forced exp).
Both obliques are used in forced expiration
17.
Which vessel passes directly behind the right hilum
a.
right phrenic nerve
F
b.
right vagus nerve
T - This one is prob true too
c.
azygous vein
T - p184 NM
d.
internal mammary artery
F
e.
hemi-azygous vein
F
f.
aorta
F
18.
The breast
a.
Is a modified sebaceous gland
F - I thought it was a modified sweat gland
b.
Is supplied by the lateral thoracic artery and IMA
T - and intercostals
c.
Overlies pec minor and part of lat dorsi
F - pec major 2/3, 1/3 over pec major
d.
Drains predominately to subclavian nodes
F - Mainly axillary nodes
ANATOMY
47
Abdomen & Pelvis – Nerves
1.
Referred pain from pancreatitis is at what level
a.
T7/8
T - T6-T9 accord to Moore p324
b.
L1/2
F
c.
T3/4
F
d.
T12/L1
F
Abdomen & Pelvis – Lymphatics
2.
Superficial inginal lymph nodes drain all of the following except
a.
anterior thigh
F
b.
base of penis
F
c.
testis
T - they are drained by paraaortic nodes due to their embryological origin
3.
Which lymph nodes drain the lower anal canal
a.
External iliac
F
b.
Deep inguinal
F
c.
Para-aortic
F
d.
Superficial inguinal
T - inferior to the pecitnate line p448NM
e.
Internal iliac
F - this is superior to the pectinate line
4.
Concerning lymphatic drainage of the viscera:
a.
The pectinate line is a watershed
T - inferior to it to superficial inguinal LN’s, superior to it to internal iliac nodes
b.
All the abdominal skin drains to the inguinal nodes
F - p212 NM
c.
The rectum drains to the para-aortic nodes
F - Superior portion to pararectal to sacral to inferior mesenteric nodes.
Inferior portion to internal iliac
Abdomen & Pelvis – Spaces
5.
What goes through the lesser sciatic foramen
a.
Piriformis
F
b.
pudendal nerve
T
c.
Sup gemelli
F
d.
Obturator internus
T - Tendon of obturator internus does
e.
internal pudendal artery
T - and also goes through greater p384NM
f.
superior gluteal artery
F
g.
inferior gluteal artery
F
h.
pudendal artery
F – only true if it is internal pudendal
Summary of structures passing through the lesser sciatic foramen:
Tendon of obturator internus
Internal pudendal artery
Nerve to obturator internus
Pudendal nerve
I am pretty sure that the pudendal nerve, pudendal artery, tendon of obt
internus adn nerve to obturator internus all go through...
nb) this question seems to be one we have never got the right answer for over
the years. I think Last’s doesn’t make it clear.
6.
Which does not pass through the transpyloric plane
a.
splenic vein
T - (from Saunders)
b.
tips of the 9
th
costal cartilages
F - ? it does
c.
lower border of L1
F - It does
d.
Spleen
F - Hilum of
e.
superior mesenteric artery
F - It does
Remember transpyloric plane = L1
ANATOMY
48
Abdomen & Pelvis – Circulation
7.
With regard to the abdominal aorta, what is correct? P340NM
a.
It is palpable above the transpyloric line in line with
the intertrochanteric line
F - Intertrochanteric line is lateral so not right. The surface markings are
the 2.5cm above the transpyloric plane in the midline to a point 1-2cm
below and to the L of the umbilicus
b.
It has the sympathetic chain adjacent to it on the right
F - on the L
c.
the splenic vein lies under the SMA
F - the SMA lies under the splenic vein... who the fuck cares!? P266 Lasts
d.
Renal arteries originate at T12
F - L1 (New Moore p 339, other books say L2…). can’t be t12 because
it STARTS at T12 (ends at L4)
e.
The surface marking is from just above the transpyloric
plane to a point just below and to the left of the umbilicus
T - 2.5cm above the transpyloric plane (L1) in the midline to a point 1-2 cm
below and to the left of the umbilicus p340NM, Lasts p268
f.
The splenic vein crosses the aorta just below the origin of
the superior mesenteric artery
F - it lies superior to the SMA (fig 5.42 Lasts)
g.
surface markings are from the transpyloric plane to just
left of the mid point between ASICs
T - pretty much. From 2.5cm above the TP plane (ie at T12) to a point
inferior and slightly to the left of the umbilicus (ie L4) which corresponds
to the highest point of the iliac crests.
8.
Branches of the abdominal aorta include all of the following
EXCEPT
a.
the deep circumflex iliac artery
T
b.
the suprarenal artery
F
c.
the inferior mesenteric artery
F
d.
the inferior phrenic arteries
F
e.
the lumbar arteries
F – Pneumonic: I Can’t Stop My Randy Goat Licking It’s Massive C…
9.
The highest branch of the abdominal aorta is the
a.
xright suprarenal artery
F - L1 . It is above the L suprarenal but below the celiac trunk p339 NM
b.
coeliac trunk
T - at T12!!!! P339NM
c.
left renal artery
F - L1
d.
left gonadal artery
F - L2
e.
superior mesenteric artery
F - L1
10.
All of the below are tributaries of the portal vein EXCEPT
a.
right gastroepiploc v
F - to the superior mesenteric vein which drains to portal...
b.
left gastro epiploic v
F - to splenic which drains to portal...
11.
The main vessel supplying the body of the pancreas is the
p287 NM
a.
superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
F – head of pancreas
b.
splenic artery
T - p286 NM lasts p 262
c.
left gastric
F
d.
left gastroepiploic
F
e.
inferior pancreaticoduodenal
F – head of pancreas
12.
Superior pancreaticoduodenal vein drains into
a.
left gastric vein
F
b.
portal vein
T - p238 Lasts, Inferior pancrduo joins SMV
c.
splenic vein
F
d.
superior mesenteric vein
F
e.
IVC
F
13.
All the following are veins which drain the stomach EXCEPT
a.
Gastroepiploic
F
b.
Gastroduodenal
T - This one
c.
right gastric
F
d.
left gastric
F
e.
short gastric
F
ANATOMY
49
14.
Regarding the testicular blood supply
a.
division of the testicular artery results in testicular infarction F
b.
testicular artery has numerous anastamoses with the
cremateric artery
F
c.
pampiniform plexus is a superficial plexus surrounding the
testicular artery
T
ANATOMY
50
Abdomen & Pelvis - Organs
15.
Which is true of the Spleen?
a.
notch is located….. (?post/sup/…..)
b.
it has T12 – L2 innnervation and pain is referred to the
lower chest and upper flank
16.
Which is not true of the stomach
a.
completely invested by peritoneum
T
b.
cardia situated at T12
F - T11 accord to moore p 259
c.
pyloric opening at L1
T
d.
aorta to the left of lesser curve
F - to the R
e.
supplied by branches of the coeliac trunk
T
17.
What runs through the panniculus adiposis
a.
veins and cutaneous nerves
T - from blitz et al
b.
hepatic artery
F
c.
portal vessels
F
18.
Regarding the appendix, which is incorrect lasts p 249, NM 273
a.
The position of its base is fixed in relation to the caecum
T
b.
It opens onto the caecum 2cm below the ileocaecal valve T - posterior wall 2cm below (lasts…)
c.
The appendicular artery is usually a branch of the
ileocolic artery
T
d.
It may be 6-28cm long
F - 6-10cm
e.
It has a mesentery
T - the mesoappendix
f.
usually lies retrocaecal in health
F - ileocaecal in health accord to Lasts
g.
drains to inguinal nodes
F – ileocolic to superior mesenteric nodes
h.
has no mesentry
F - it has a mesoappendix
i.
has a tip constant in relation to the caecum
F - it is the base which is constant
j.
opens into the caecum 2 cm below the ileocaecal valve
T - (answer derived from Lasts not moore)
k.
The tip is in constant relation to McBurney’s point
F
l.
Enters the anterior wall of the caecum
F - posteromedial 2cm below ileocaecal junction
m.
Usually retrocaecal in health
F - Depends. Lasts says retroileal. Moore says retrocaecal
19.
Where does the appendix lie in health
a.
Retroileal p 249 Lasts
T
20.
Which is true of colon
a.
ascending is longer than descending Lasts p250, NM p279 F - Asc 15cm, TV 45cm, Desc 30cm, Sigmoid <45cm long
b.
only part suspended on mesentry is transverse colon
F - 25% have short mesentry accord to adam
c.
marginal artery is weakest at hepatic flexure
F - No at the left colic flexure aka splenic flexure (marginal artery are
the anastomotic branches near the inner margin of the whole colon)
d.
lymphatic drainage is via superior and inferior
mesenteric LN
T
21.
The internal anal sphincter p447
a.
is skeletal muscle
F - I think they mean striated; no it is not
b.
has longitudinal fibres
F - circular layer
c.
has no bony attachment
T
ANATOMY
51
22.
Regarding the relations of the ureter, which is incorrect
p280 Lasts, p313NM
a.
cross the vas deferens in males
F – crossed by the vas deferns
b.
medial to the transverse processes of lumbar spine
T
c.
cross the genitofemoral nerve
T
d.
cross the SI joint
T
e.
narrowest at the PUJ
?T - Narrow at PUJ, VUJ and where they cross the SIJ into the pelvis
Summary: 25cm long, Pass inferiorly on Psoas Major under the peritoneum,
crosses in front of the genitofemoral nerve, the gonadal vessels cross in front of
the ureter, it leaves the psoas at the bifurcation of the common iliac, goes over
the SI joint and enters the pelvis, the vas def goes over it
X-ray: Medial to the tips of the TV processes of the lumbar vertebrae and
crosses the pelvic brim at the SIJ
23.
The ureters. Lasts p280
a.
The PUJ is the widest diameter
T - (saunders agrees)
b.
Are dependant on innervation from the renal pelvis
for peristalsis
F - they have intrinsic pacemaker ability
c.
Lie lateral to the transverse processes of the lumbar
vertebrae
F - just medial
24.
Regarding the urethra
a.
Is 20cm long
T - In males yes, females a measly 4cm lasts p312
b.
Does a right angle bend in spongy part of urethra
F - Mine doesn’t....There is a 90 degree turn from the spongy to the
membranous
c.
Narrowest point is at prostate
F - ext meatus
d.
Narrowest point is at navicular fossa
F - ext meatus
e.
Runs in corpus carvernosum
F - spongiusum
25.
Regarding the testicle p228 NM, p222Lasts
a.
It has no parasympathetic supply
T - Can’t find it in books but Blitz reckons it has vagal supply. Best answer.
b.
Appendix is inferior
F - Do they mean epididymus which is posterolateral
c.
Vas deferens in somewhere
F
d.
Epididymus is somewhere else
F
e.
Drains to paraaortic and inguinal nodes
F - paraaortic only
f.
The pampiniform plexus is a superficial venous plexus
surrounding the testicular artery
T - p228 NM best answer (Blitz, adam, saunders agree)
g.
The testicular artery has numerous anastomoses with
the cremasteric artery
T - It anastomoses with artery to vas def AND cremasteric artery
(but they are not sufficient to maintain supply to the testes
(Saunders don’t agree)
h.
Division of the testicular artery results in testicular infarction F - No will cause atrophy, not infarction
26.
The duodenum
a.
is a retro-peritoneal structure
F - Partially only: the 4
th
isn’t
b.
is 25cm in length
T
c.
lies between the levels of L2-L4
F - L1-L3
d.
in it’s 4
th
part lies to the right of the aorta
F - to the L
27.
Which of the following the appendix is UNTRUE
a.
it has a base constant in relation to the caecum
T
b.
it has it’s own mesentery
T
c.
it is formed by teneae coli convergence
T - ?
d.
varies in length between 2 and 25 cm
T - Apparently can be
e.
it always lies retro-ileal in prescence of disease
F
28.
The ureters p280 Lasts
a.
widest in diameter at the PUJ
T - (saunders)
b.
innervated by sympathetic nerves T12-L1
F - T10-11 (accord to Moore it would be TRUE: t11-L2...
c.
lie lateral to the tips of the lumbar transverse processes
F - just medial
d.
depend on innervation from the pelvis for peristalsis
F - have independent pacemakers
ANATOMY
52
29.
The ureters p280 Lasts
a.
cross the gonadal vessels
F - it is crossed by the gonadal vessels
b.
cross over the vas deferens
F - It is crossed by the vas def (ie vas def is above it)
c.
are crossed by the genitofemoral nerve
F - crosses in front of it
d.
pass under the cover of the psoas muscle
F - lie on it
e.
lie lateral to the lumbar transverse processes
F - just medial
30.
Which of the following is correct regarding the pancreas
Pg 257 to 259
a.
the head is palpable in the epigastric region
F - it’s retroperitoneal so unless there is a massive calcified tumor in it surely
you wouldn’t feel it.
b.
the body and tail are left and inferior to the transpyloric level F - superior to transpyloric plane (L1)
c.
the posterior surface is covered by peritoneum
F - anterior surface of neck is covered with peritoneum
d.
the neck overlies the L1/L2 vertebrae
F - overlies the superior mesenteric vessels, body passes over aorta and L2
vertebrae
e.
the head lies superior and right of the transpyloric plain
F - inferior to L1
ANATOMY
53
Comparative Anatomy of a Child
1.
Which bone in a child is the same size as adult at birth?
a.
Middle ear
T
b.
Squamous bone
F
c.
Ethmoid bone
F
d.
Lacrimal bone
F
e.
Parietal bone
F
2.
Regarding ossification centres
a.
Capitate is last to ossify – 10 years
F - No first (@2yrs CRITOE
b.
Medial epicondyle fuses at 20 years
F - Would have thought earlier becase critoe (ie begins at 6 yrs)
c.
2 centres of radius ossify by 15years
T - by exclusion
d.
pisiform ossifies by 1years
F - start at hamate at 2 yrs and work clockwise. Pisiform is last in
wrist at 12years
e.
clavicle is the last bone to ossify
F - it is the FIRST long bone to begin to ossify (starts in utero)
3.
The first bone to ossify is the
a.
Humerus
F
b.
Mastoid
F
c.
clavicle
T
d.
ethmoid
F
e.
sphenoid
F
4.
Which bones form the borders to the anterior fontanelle in a
child?
a.
2 frontals, 2 parietals
T - posterior is 1 occipital and two parietal
b.
1 frontal, 2 parietals and squamous bones
F
c.
2 frontal, 2 temporal and occipital
F
d.
1 frontal, 1 parietal, 2 frontal
F
5.
Regarding the newborn skull, which is false? P903 NM
a.
Has a similar size face to the adult
F - Vault is large in proportion to the face when compared to adult p31 Moore
b.
It has similar vertical proportions to the adult
T
c.
The bones of the vault ossify in membrane and the bones
of the base in cartilage
F
d.
The anterior fontanelle has as its borders, frontal, parietal,
temporal, sphenoid bones
F - frontal x2 + parietal x 2
e.
The posterior fontanelle has as its borders, occipital,
parietal, temporal bones
F - Occipital x 1, parietal x 2
f.
Ant. fontanelle palpable at 3 years
F - closes at 9-16months. But lasts and moore say 18months
g.
Ant. fontanelle “longest”
T
h.
Ant. fontanelle persists in 8%
F - but in 8% a remnant of the anterior suture (metopic suture) does.
Persistence of the anterior fontanelle is MUCH lower
6.
Concerning the anatomy of infants, which is FALSE?
a.
spinal cord ends at L1/L2
F - ends lower L3
7.
Baby face ?p903NM
a.
Growth of maxillary sinuses most important factor
that increases length
?
b.
Deciduous teeth appear after major face growth?
F - Prob not since they appear at roughly 6/12
c.
frontal sinus?
d.
mastoid process pulled out by sternocleidomastoid
T - There are no mastoids at birth (therefore CNVII at risk by forceps delivery).
During the first year the mastoid processes form as the SCM’s develop on
pull on the petromastoid part of the temporal bones
ANATOMY
54
ANATOMY
5.
Injury to the disc between C5/C6 (?disc bulge); pain is referred to
a.
Lateral arm
b.
Lateral forearm and thumb
c.
Medial arm
d.
Index finger and forearm
6.
Which is true regarding deep fascia?
a.
It doesn’t help venous return
b.
It doesn’t allow muscles to expand
c.
No deep fascia over the face
d.
It runs freely over bone
e.
7.
Which of the following is not a branch of the Basilar artery?
a.
Posterior Cerebral artery
b.
Anterior inferior Cerebellar artery
c.
Verebral art
d.
Pontine branches
e.
Anterior spinal art
8.
The plantar aponeurosis
a.
Emerges from the posterior portion of the calcaneus
b.
Is between the 1
st
and 2
nd
muscle layers
c.
Attaches to all 5 metatarsals
d.
e.
9.
Injury to the wrist with impaired thumb abduction; which other deficit is present?
a.
Apposition of thumb to index finger (not sure re this stem)
b.
Unable to oppose thumb and little finger
c.
Absent sensation on dorsal side of 1
st
web space
d.
e.
10.
Mid shaft humerus fracture. Which is INCORRECT
a.
Extension of the elbow is possible
b.
?transient paralysis (not sure of this stem)
c.
Able to extend interphalangeal joints of fingers
d.
e.
11.
Which of the following pass superficial to the extensor retinaculum of the ankle?
a.
Deep peroneal nerve
b.
Superficial peroneal nerve
c.
Peroneus tertius
d.
Extensor digitorum
e.
12.
Which of the following is NOT innervated by the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve
a.
Short head of biceps femoris
b.
Semitendinosus
c.
Adductor magnus
d.
Semimembranosus
e.
Long head of biceps femoris
13.
Movements of subtalar joint
a.
Inversion / eversion (repeat)
b.
c.
ANATOMY
55
d.
e.
14.
Where is the motor nucleus of CN V located?
a.
Medulla
b.
Pons
c.
Midbrain
d.
e.
15.
Regarding the falx cerebri
a.
Unsure re stems…
b.
c.
d.
e.
16.
Regarding the trachea
a.
Is 1.5cm wide
b.
Contains trachealis
c.
Is a fibrocartilagenous tube
d.
Extends from the epiglottis tot eh R+L bronchi
e.
Has brachiocephalic trunk on the L
17.
The superior mesenteric artery
a.
Is 3 cm below the Coeliac trunk
b.
Supplies the gut from the point of entry of the common bile duct to the splenic flexure
c.
d.
e.
18.
Which of the following muscles inverts and dorsiflexes the foot/ankle?
a.
Tibialis anterior
b.
c.
d.
e.
19.
Regarding the circle of Willis
a.
Anterior cerebral artery is the largest branch
b.
Posterior communicating artery connect the PCA and the MCA
c.
d.
e.
20.
There is loss of which movement if the greater tuberosity is removed from the humerus
a.
Abduction and lateral rotation
b.
c.
d.
e.
21.
The ureters
a.
40cm long
b.
Pass close to the proximity of the vaginal fornix
c.
Innervated by L2,3
d.
Crosses anterior to the Vas Deferens
e.
Is intraperitoneal
22.
Which isn’t a branch of the external iliac
a.
Ovarian artery
b.
c.
ANATOMY
56
d.
e.
23.
Regarding CSF
a.
Provides cushioning for the brain
b.
1000ml/day is produced
c.
Produced by the brain
d.
Absorbed by the choroid plexus
e.
24.
Which layer is NOT pierced when performing an LP?
a.
Posterior longitudinal ligament
b.
Ligamentum flavum
c.
Interspinous lig
d.
Supraspinous lig
e.
Dura mater
25.
Lymphatic drainage of the posterior tongue drains directly to
a.
Submandibular LN’s
b.
Submental LN’s
c.
Superior deep cervical LN’s
d.
Inferior deep cervical LN’s
e.
26.
With respect to the lymphatic drainage of the abdomen
a.
The pectinate line is a watershed area (repeat)
b.
?Skin of abdomen
c.
Follows venous drainage of viscera
d.
27.
With regard to scalp wounds
a.
They gape due to the aponeurosis
b.
Cause massive bleeding due to the anastomosis
c.
The fourth layers (loose connective tissue) provides a good barrier for infection
d.
They don’t gape due to?
e.
28.
The dorsal scapular nerve (nerve to rhomboids)
a.
Arises from C6
b.
Supplies levator scapulae
c.
Passes between scalenus medius
d.
Is at risk of damage due to superificial course through the rhomboids
e.
29.
Damage to the ipsilateral cervical chain will cause
a.
Ptosis
b.
Ipsilateral sweating
c.
Ipsilateral mydriasis
d.
Ipsilateral facial pallor
e.
Effects of skeletal fibres on levator palpibrae superioris (unsure of wording of this stem)
30.
All of the following drain to superficial inguinal nodes EXCEPT
a.
Testes (repeat)
b.
c.
d.
e.
31.
The following about the breast is true
a.
Blood supply is mainly lateral thoracic and internal thoracic arteries
b.
Modified sebaceous gland
c.
Nipple is supplied by T6
d.
Breast covers lat dorsi and pec minor (that wouldn’t look good)
ANATOMY
57
e.
32.
The cavernous sinus
a.
Transmits all branches of CN V
b.
ICA in the walls (unsure of this stem)
c.
d.
e.
33.
Which of the following passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
a.
Piriformis
b.
Superior gluteal artery
c.
Superior gluteal vein
d.
Inferior gemelli
e.
Obturator externus
34.
Regarding the ulna artery
a.
Pulse is felt under ?
b.
Common interosseous is its largest branch
c.
Deep to FCU
d.
Ulna nerve is on the radial side of the ulna artery
e.
35.
Which of the following DOESN’T attach the pectoral girdle to the trunk?
a.
Lat dorsi
b.
Subsclavius
c.
Trapezius
d.
Teres major
e.
Serratus anterior
36.
Which artery supplies the trochanteric anastomosis?
a.
Obturator art
b.
Internal pudendal
c.
Superior gluteal branches
d.
Anterior/posterior circ femoral (ascending branches)
e.
37.
Damage to the median nerve at the elbow will NOT effect
a.
Supinator
b.
Pronator teres
c.
FDP
d.
FDS
e.
38.
Which of the following muscles DOESN’T affect the vocal cords?
a.
Posterior cricoarytenoid
b.
Cricothyroid
c.
Vocalis
d.
Aryepiglottics
e.
39.
Which is the narrowest portion of the oesophagus?
a.
At the level of the cricopharyngeus
b.
c.
d.
e.
40.
Eye movements
a.
? repeat
b.
c.
d.
ANATOMY
58
e.
41.
The manubrium
a.
Lies at T3/4
b.
Transthoracic plan is here
c.
Something about SVC at 4
th
rib (unsure re stem)
d.
e.
42.
Anterior fontanelle is formed by
a.
2 frontal/2 parietal
b.
2 frontal/sphenoid/ethmoid
c.
2 parietal/2 temporal
d.
e.
ANATOMY MCQ 2008 GOLD
Sympathetic trunk (basically read the whole section of the ANS and location of symp trunk!)
a.
Arises from base of skull to ? T12
b.
Pre-synaptic cell bodies are located in the ganglia
c.
White rami commitantes runs from C1 to C7
d.
Grey commitantes run from T1 – L5
e.
Inf cervical/thoracic? passes to stellate ganglion
Parasympathetic system
a.
supplies viscera, trunk and limbs
b.
innervates adrenal glands
c.
only has 2 cell bodies in CNS
d.
essentially has no fibres ? (something like that – prob wrong)
e.
Pre/post synaptic fibres of the vagus run to the parotid ganglion (We put this one)
Regarding joints
a.
permits gliding or sliding movements (correct one)
b.
Pivotal joints are multi-axial
c.
Hinge joints are multi-axial
d.
Surface is concave
Regarding pectoralis major
It is a powerful lateral rotator
Regarding serratus anterior
It arises from 6 fleshy slips
It is supplied by dorsal scapular nerve
It protracts the scapula
Regarding the brachial artery
It starts at the inferior border of teres major
Foot
a.
Neurovascular runs between 2
nd
and 3
rd
layers
b.
Medial plantar artery forms the deep plantar arch
c.
S1 segment supplies all the foot muscles
d.
(2 others that we thought were wrong)
Venous drainage
a.
Superficial sagittal sinus site in the free edge of cerebral falx
b.
Cavernous sinus lies medial to the ICA
c.
(3 others that we thought wrong)
ANATOMY
59
Saphenous vein
a.
lies behind the medial malleolus
b.
does not communicate with the deep veins above the knee
c.
has no valves (+/- above the knee?)
d.
empties into the femoral vein laterally
e.
it inserts into the femoral vein 3.75cm lateral and superior to the pubic tubercle
2 questions on comparative anatomy of head!
Which of the following is true regarding the infant skull
a. Anterior fontanelle is composed of frontal, parietal and temporal bones
b. Posterior fontanelle is composed of occipital, parietal and temporal bones
c. Paranasal sinuses are present at birth but small
d. The bones of the skull have ossified by birth
Regarding age changes in the face of a child
a. Most of the vertical growth of the face is attributed to the sternocleidomastoids pulling on the bone
b. Most of the growth of the vertical face is in the maxillary sinus
c. Mandible is fused by ? 3 years
e. face and cranial vault are similar proportions to adult
Teeth (they had a freakin question on the teeth!)
a.
nerve and vessels go through the apical foramen
b.
deciduous teeth erupt btw 6 months and 3 years
c.
crown is covered by cement
d.
something about enamel
Avulsed greater tubercle of humerus leads to inability of (repeat)
a.
lateral rotation and abduction
b.
other combinations
Movements of scapula (correct pairings of muscle and movement)
a. Serratus anterior and protraction (correct)
b. rhomboids and depression
c. pec major and ? protraction
d. ? superior fibres of trapezius and retraction
Axilla – which is incorrect?
a.
Axillary vein lies lateral to nerves of brachial plexus
b.
Axillary vein is not in a sheath
c.
Anterior and posterior walls converge laterally at the intertubercular groove of the humerus
d.
(2 other correct ones we thought)
Brachial plexus – which is incorrect?
a.
Thoracodorsal nerve comes off the roots of C5, C6, C7
b.
Long thoracic nerve comes off roots of C5, C6, C7
c.
Dorsal scapular nerve comes from C5 root
d.
Nerve to subclavius comes from C5 and C6
e.
(another correct one)
Regarding the tibial collateral ligament?
a.
cord-like structure attaching to the medial condyle
b.
pes anserinus arises deep to it separated from it by the popliteus bursa
c. blends in with the capsule
ANATOMY
60
a. Posterior cruciate is weaker than the ACL
c.
Best approach for aspiration knee joint is from medial side.
Septic arthritis may be caused by pre-patellar bursitis
Gastrocnemius bursa communicates with knee joint
Haemathrosis can occur from a torn cruciate ligament rupturing the middle genicular artery
What is incorrect?
a. IM injection at the superolateral quadrant of the buttock is best to avoid the sciatic nerve.
b. Supplied by both superior and inferior gluteal nerve (we put this one)
c. Supplied by both superior and inferior gluteal arteries
d. strong anti-gravity muscle
Medial muscles of the thigh
a.
supplied by obturator artery
b.
myotomes for all muscles in this compartment was L4-L5
c.
cause mainly flexion of hip
d.
medial intermuscular septum attaches to fascia lata
Adductor canal
a. Femoral artery (or vein?) always lies btw the saphenous nerve and the femoral vein (? artery)
b. Femoral vein lies medial to the femoral artery at the adductor hiatus
c. Roof partly formed by gracilis
d. Adductor longus (Something I thought was wrong)
Trachea
a.
is a fibrocartilaginous tube
b.
1.5 cm diameter
c.
goes from epiglottis to R) and L) bronchi
Relations
a.
R) vagus goes behind root of R) lung
b.
L) vagus goes behind root of L) lung
c.
L) phrenic crosses posterior to arch of aorta
d.
L) recurrent laryngeal nerve runs in the groove btw trachea and esophagus
Lymphatics of the arm
a.
superficial run with arteries
b.
deep run with veins
c.
don’t run with the vessels at all
d.
drainage from thumb goes to lateral humeral LN
e.
(something that we thought was wrong)
Lumbar plexus (learn!)
Regarding the ventricular system
the lateral ventricle drains via the interventricular foramen to the 4
th
ventricle
the inferior horns are larger than the posterior horns
the inferior horns lie in the temporal lobe
the lateral ventricle does not have choroidal cells
CSF
1000mL is made daily
venous pressure has no effect on CSF pressure
Kiesselbach (nose) plexus – learn what forms it
formed by branches of ICA and ECA
formed by branches of maxillary and mandibular arteries
formed by branches of mandibular and ophthalmic arteries
inf and sup ethmoid supply the plexus
