Study Set Content:
The monosaccharide units are connected by glycosidic bonds. Glycosidic bonds are cleaved by hydrolysis. In the body, this hydrolysis is catalyzed by acids and enzymes. When a metabolic need arises, storage polysaccharides – amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen – are hydrolyzed to yield
glucose and maltose.
some of hydrolysis of starch
starch-dextrins-maltose-glucose
Hydrolysis is aided by a number of enzymes
1.α-amylase
2. β-amylase
3. The debranching enzyme
also hydrolyzes the α-1,4-glycosidic bonds but in an orderly fashion, cutting disaccharidic maltose units one by one from the nonreducing end of a chain
β-amylase
attacks all three storage polysaccharides at random, hydrolyzing the α-1,4-glycosidic bonds
α-amylase
hydrolyzes the α-1,6-glycosidic bonds
debranching enzy
Digestion of starch and glycogen starts in the(blank), where α-amylase is the main component of the saliva
mouth
Digestion of starch and glycogen starts in the mouth, where α-amylase is the main component of the saliva. HCl in the stomach and other hydrolytic enzymes in the intestinal tract hydrolyze starch and glycogen to produce
monosaccharides and disaccharides (glucose and maltose)
enters the bloodstream and is carried to the cells to be utilized.
Glucose
Most abundant organic compounds in the plant world
carbohydrates
Act as storehouses of chemical energy
glucose, starch, glycogen
Components of supportive structures in plants
cellulose
Components of supportive structures in plants (cellulose), crustacean shells
(chitin)
Components of supportive structures in plants (cellulose), crustacean shells (chitin), and connective tissues in
animals
Essential components of nucleic acids (
(ribose and deoxy ribose
•The word carbohydrate means
hydrate of carbon
formula of carbs
Cm(H2O)n
Two examples of carbohydrates with this general formula that can be written alternatively as hydrate of carbon are
glucose
sucrose
blood sugar
glucose
table sugar
sucrose
