Study Set Content:
Transition metals commonly form
coordinate covalent bonds,
do not normally bond in this fashion.
Transition metals
Most in the main group element, compounds, the valence electrons of the
isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the
Octet rule
electron acceptor in Lewis acid-
base interaction
Lewis acid
The Lewis base donors, called
ligands
coordinate covalent bonds is a form of
Lewis acid-
base interaction
The only requirement is that they have
one or more electron pairs
donor in Lewis acid-
base interaction
Lewis base
called ligands
Can be a wide variety of chemicals
Atoms, molecules, or ions
is used to produced 230, 000, 000 tons of sulfuric acid worldwide each year, which in turn
is used to make everything from fertilizers to cans for food.
Vanadium oxide
is used as industrial catalyst
Transition metals
increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy and is regenerated in the catalytic
cycle. Over 90% of all manufactured products are made with the aid of one or more catalysts
Catalysts
The most common structures of the complexes in coordination
compounds are
octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar
Catalysts allow process s to be more
economical and more environmental friendly
– only one that. can alter the equilibrium
constant
Change in temp
– the reaction shifts from right to left to replenish
the reactant
Removal of reactant
affects only the concentration of gases not
the liquid or solids.
Volume and pressure changes
states that when a stress is applied to a system in
equilibrium, the position of equilibrium shifts in a direction to reduce thestress.
Le chatelier's principle
Factors that affect
Chemical Equilibrium:
Concentration change
Volume and pressure changes
Change in temperature
Catalyst
is achieved when the rates of forward and reverse
reactions are equal and the concentrations of the reactants and productsremain
constant.
Chemical equilibrium
