Study Set Content:
use of spatula
Extemporaneous
(prepared by fusion)
Direct pour into jars
Pressure fillers
Large-scale
content should not touch the lid
Extemporaneous
Ointment Tube h ● filled on the open back end via
Direct pour ○ Filling machine ○ Caulking gun
Factors that affect drug penetration
physicochemical properties of the medicinal substance
characteristics of the pharmaceutical vehicle
skin condition
physicochemical properties
○ Drug concentration ○ Aqueous solubility ○ Oil-water coefficient between stratum corneum and vehicle
Typically, about (blank) of ointment or cream is applied per square centimeter of skin
1 to 3 mg
drugs that readily cross the epidermis and dermis
transdermal
dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, PEG, urea, dimethylacetamide, surfactants (SLS, Spans, Tweens, lecithin), poloxamers*, terpenes, etc
Penetration Enhancers
Pluronic (poloxamer*) F127 gel (usually percent concentration
20% or 30%
Pluronic (poloxamer*) F127 gel (usually 20% or 30% concentration) mixed at a ratio of approximately
1:5
Pluronic (poloxamer*) F127 gel (usually 20% or 30% concentration) mixed at a ratio of approximately 1:5 with
1:1
Pluronic (poloxamer*) F127 gel (usually 20% or 30% concentration) mixed at a ratio of approximately 1:5 with 1:1
isopropyl palmitate and lecithin.
This gel vehicle aids in rapid penetration of many active drugs through the skin.
Pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO)
milling using a
ball mill
micronization using a
jet mill
white petrolatum + white wax
white ointment
Salicylic acid plaster %API
10-40%
