Study Set Content:
Chemicals that undergoes an enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Substrate
Amino group
Carboxyl group
Side chain
o Enzymes are protein structures containing a
amino acid
The structure of amino acid contains a functional group
(amino group and carboxyl group
The functional groups are targets of the
substrate
Either a substrate will bind to the
amino group or carboxyl group
o The binding will serve as the interaction between a substrate and an enzyme forming a complex resulting to a
Product formation
An enzyme is usually a hollow or cleft on the protein surface into which substrate can fit and bind
Active site
Substrate is usually bound to amino acids present in the binding site by a variety of interaction, such as
hydrogen bonding, van der Waals or dipole-dipole interactions
Non-protein molecule which carries out chemical reactions that cannot be performed by standard 20 amino acids
Co-factor
Co-factor 2 types
: organic co-factors, inorganic co-factor
Proteins contain essential amino acids and in the event that the essential amino acids could not perform, there will be no
active site
The co-factors will render the inactive protein into
active protein
When proteins are activated there will be an active site therefore binding is now
possible
in the active sites can aid the enzyme mechanism by acting as nucleophiles or acid/base catalysts.
Amino acids
Enzyme acts as catalyst to facilitate
binding process
To accommodate the substrate to maximize the bonding forces between the substrate and the active site
Induce fit
Substrate is forced to adopt a specific conformation in order to bind effectively
Induced-fit
