Study Set Content:
negative common logarithm of the Ka
pKa
Stronger Acids
smaller pKa
Weaker Acids have
larger pKa
the measure of the ability of the acid
to lose its H+ ion. It depends on several factors
Acid strength
is the one which completely ionizes in a
solution
strong acid
are corrosive in nature and cause severe
burns when they come in contact with skin.
Strong acid
acids are only mildly corrosive and are
even present in our food and body.
weak acids
example of strong acids
Hydrochloric and Sulfuric acid
examples of weak acids
ethanoic, citric and acetic acid
2 main kinds of organic acid
Hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative
oxygen atom (O-H), ex: Methanol and Acetic acid
• A hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom next to
a C=O bond (O=C-C-H), ex. Acetone
– Have an atom with a lone pair of electrons that can bond
to H+.
– Nitrogen-containing compounds derived from ammonia
are the most common organic bases.
Organic Base
· are electron pair acceptor
– Have either a vacant, low-energy orbital or a polar bond
to hydrogen so that It can donate.
– Example: Group 3A elements, such as BF3 and AlCl3
– Transition-metal compounds, such as TiCl4, FeCl4.
ZnCl2 and SnCl4
Lewis acid
are electron pair donors
Lewis base
Compound with a pair of nonbonding electrons that it
can use to bond to a Lewis acid most oxygen –and
nitrogen-containing organic compounds can act as
Lewis base
because they have lone pairs of electrons.
Lewis bases
are not Lewis acids because they cannot
accept an electron pair directly.
Bronsted acids
Extraction purpose
- Separate or isolate substance from
mixture which occur in nature.
- Separate organic compounds from an
aqueous solution or suspension
The isolation of dissolved organic substances
from solution is accomplished by shaking the
water solution or suspension with a water-
immiscible organic solvent and allowing the
layers to separate.
Extraction
Extraction
Use in purifying organic compounds that are solid at room temp.
Crystallization
