Study Set Content:
he material can be preserved indefinitely with the addition of a few drops of
formaldehyde, vinegar, or other weak acid
shell-like remain
thecae
Dinoflagellates have two flagella One flagellum acts as a
rudder
Dinoflagellates have two flagella The other, which encircles the cell at right angles to the first groove, gives the cell a
spinning motion as it undulates
he most common form of projectile is a
trichocyst
he cells move rapidly in the (answer)direction of the discharge
opposite
species of dinoflagellates that produce powerful neurotoxins
40
he poisons apparently don't harm the shellfish, but about how many persons become ill each year
2000
fatality rate -from eating contaminated shellfish
15%
number of major types of dinoflagellate toxins have been studied for possible use in chemical warfare. They are so potent that as little as half a milligram (barely enough to cover two of the periods printed on this page) can be fatal.
three
Symptoms in humans
a tingling feeling in the fingertips and lips and eventually progress to paralysis of the diaphragm, followed by death through suffocation
Other symptoms include
nausea, abdominal cramps, muscular paralysis, amnesia, hallucinations, and diarrhea.
Reproduction of Dinoflagellates
Reproduction is by cell division. Sexual reproduction appears to be rare.
constitute a small group of asymmetrical, somewhat flattened, unicellular, marine and freshwater algae with two flagella
cryptomonads
analogous to that of a euglenoid, is lined with two or more rows of ejectosomes
gullet
structurally different from the stinging, harpoon-like projectiles (trichocysts) of protozoans and some dinoflagellates but unreel as long threads in similar fashion to trichocysts.
Ejectosomes
reproduction of Cryptomonads
Reproduction is by mitosis; sexual reproduction is unknown.
THE HAPTUPHYTES
PHYLUM PRYMNESIOPHYTA
third flagellum
the haptonema
is located between the true flagella, does not function in propulsion; instead, it has a sticky tip that aids in capture of food.
Haptonema
