Study Set Content:
Factors affecting reaction rates
The Chemical Nature of the Reacting Substances
The State of Subdivision of the Reactants
Temperature of the Reactants
Concentrations of the Reactants
The Presence of a Catalyst
Always remember that the reactant always has
the minus sign
area of chemistry concerned with the speeds, or rates, at which a chemical reaction occurs
Chemical Kinetics
the lowercase letters are the
stoichiometric coefficients.
refers to the rate of a reaction (reaction rate), which is the change in the concentration of a reactant or a product with time
Kinetics
The decrease in bromine concentration as time elapses shows up as
a loss of color
faster chemical reactions
Higher temp
reacts completely upon exposure to air
sodium
a) Iron powder reacts rapidly with (blank) produces bubbles of hydrogen gas
dilute hydrochloric acid
is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy without itself being consumed by the reaction.
Catalyst
• Between calcium and sodium, what reacts rapidly
sodium
• Substances have different rates depending on the
identity of the reactants
is the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to proceed in the forward direction.
activation energy
concentration of one or more of the reactants increases
rates usually increase
reacts more slowly
iron nail
mathematical expressions that describe the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants
Rate Law
increases the reaction rate by providing an alternative pathway or mechanism for the reaction to follow
catalyst
• If the exponent m is 1
the reaction is first order with respect to A
• The exponents in a rate law describe the effects of the reactant concentrations on the reaction rate and define the
reaction order
m is 2
the reaction is second order with respect to A.
