Study Set Content:
The general class of adrenoceptors can be further subdivided into:
a-adrenoceptor
• b-adrenoceptor
• dopamine receptor
types on the basis of both agonist and antagonist selectivity and on
genomic grounds
Development of more selective blocking drugs has led to the naming of subclasses within these major types; for example,
a-adrenoceptor class
• a1 and a2 receptors (blank)in both agonist and antagonist selectivity.
,differ
Autonomic effector tissues eg.
gut, airways, bladder
contain nerve fibers that do not show the histochemical characteristics of either
cholinergic or adrenergic fibers
Both (blank) NANC fibers are present.
motor and sensory
Although (blank)are the most common transmitter substances found in these nerve endings, other substances, eg, nitric oxide synthase and purines, are also present in many nerve terminals
peptides
a neurotoxin derived from chili peppers, can cause the release of transmitter (especially substance P) from such neurons and, if given in high doses, destruction of the neuron.
Capsaicin
The enteric system in the gut wall is the most extensively studied system containing NANC neurons in addition to
cholinergic and adrenergic fibers.
In the small intestine, for example, these neurons following:
nitric oxide synthase (which produces nitric oxide; NO)
o calcitonin gene-related peptide
o Cholecystokinin
o Dynorphin
o Enkephalins
o gastrin-releasing peptide,
o 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
o neuropeptide Y
Some neurons contain as many as (blank) different transmitters.
five
is integrated and regulated at many levels, from the CNS to the effector cells. Most regulation uses negative feedback, but several other mechanisms have been identified.
Autonomic function
is particularly important in the responses of the ANS to the administration of autonomic drugs.
Negative feedback
is also known as the balancing feedback so when mechanism is fed back in a manner that test to reduce the fluctuation in the output
Negative feed back
when temperature changes the mechanism are induced to restore the normal body temperature levels.
Thermoregulation
In the case of blood sugar regulation, when insulin lowers blood glucose when the level are high, (blank) raises, blood glucose
glucagon
Cardiovascular Parasympathetic
Decreased cardiac output and heart rate
Cardiovascular sympathetic
Increased contraction and heart rate;
Pulmonary Parasympathetic
Bronchial constriction
Pulmonary sympathetic
Bronchial dilatation
