Study Set Content:
are caused by antigen cross-linking of endogenous IgE bound to mast cells and basophils.
Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity reactions
may develop several days after antivenom administration.
Type III hypersensitivity (serum sickness)
Nonnutrient substances (substances other than carbohydrates, proteins, fats, or vitamins/minerals) may be contributed by food processing, but () provides the vast majority of Nonnutrient constituents
Nature
Include plant hormones and naturally occurring pesticides, antinutrients such as() inhibitors in soybeans, phytates that may bind minerals,antithiamines, and frankly toxic constituents such as ()
lectins, saponins, trypsin, and/or chymotrypsin, tomatine or cycasin.
() - provides or adequate exposure of ingesta to a variety of processing conditions
GI transit time
Apart from its duties of absorption and metabolism, the () is also the largest immunologic organ in the body and is constantly exposed to a large number of antigens in food (approximately 88 kg of protein annually) and commensal and ingested bacteria.
GI tract
Refers to a reaction involving an immune-mediated response.
FOOD HYPERSENSITIVITY (ALLERGY)
Are generally defined as quantitatively abnormal responses to a food substance or additive. May resemble hypersensitivity, but do not involve immune mechanisms.
FOOD IDIOSYNCRASIES
Are historically thought of as reactions mimicking anaphylaxis (and other “allergic-type” responses) through direct application of histamine.
ANAPHYLACTOID REACTIONS
Differ from other categories of adverse reactions in that the foods are more or less commonly eaten and demonstrate toxic effects only when eaten in excess or improperly processed.
METABOLIC FOOD REACTIONS
Also referred to as false food allergies, are characterized by exaggerated responses to pharmacologic agents in food and possibly due to receptor sensitization.
PHARMACOLOGIC FOOD REACTIONS
Cutaneous
Urticaria (hives), eczema, dermatitis, pruritus, rash
Gastrointestinal
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps
Respiratory
Asthma, wheezing
Other
Anaphylactic shock, hypotension, palatal itching, swelling including that of tongue and larynx, methemoglobinemia
Cow’s milk
Casein, B-lactoglobulin, a-lactalbumin
Egg whites
Ovomucoid, ovalbumin
Egg yolks
Livetin
Peanuts
Ara h 2, peanut I
Soybeans
B-Conglycinin (7S fraction), glycinin (11S fraction), Gly mIA, Gly mIB, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor
