Study Set Content:
Main examples of Solutions
Syrup
Elixir
Spirit
Aromatic waters
Tincture
Sugar + water
Syrup
Sugar + water + alcohol
Elixir
Aromatics + water + alcohol
Spirit
Aromatics + water
Aromatic waters
Extractives + water/alcohol
Tincture
What is the greatest advantage of solutions?
A. Very stable
B. Highly palatable
C. Fast absorption
D. Preferred by any age group
Chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents
Solutions
solutions are
• Homogeneous
solutions ROA
oral, otic, ophthalmic, topical
What is the most preferred solvent in pharmaceutical solutions?
water
How do you describe a co-solvent?
additional solvents that should be soluble in the oil and alcohol phase; this could lead to an increase in the reaction rate and a reduction in the temperature and the reaction time.
Pros of Pharmaceutical solutions
Rapid drug action
Rapid drug absorption
Dose uniformity
Volumes of liquid can be measured accurately
Easy to swallow
Easy to manufacture than other DFs
Cons of Pharmaceutical solutions
☓ Many drugs are already unstable → increased instability if in solution
☓ Poorly soluble drugs not suitable
☓ Bulky!
☓ Packaging material is more costly
Important concepts about solvency
Greater # of polar group, greater
solubility in water
Increase in MW of organic compound and without change in polarity
reduces solubility in water
Salts of organic compouds are more
soluble in water
Organic bases are more soluble in
organic solvents
Common solvents for liquid preparations
purified water
highly purified water
water for injections
sterilized water for injections
used for the preparation of medicines that do not have to be sterile and apyrogenic
purified water
