Study Set Content:
(newborn) - from birth to 1 month
neonate
1 year through 5 years
Early Childhood
13 years through 17 years of
age
adolescence
what do you call if someone is born less than 37 week's gestation
premature
- 6 years through 12 years
Late childhood
Proper Drug Dosing
Patient's age and weight
• Overall health status
• conditions of biologic function as
respiration and circulation
• stage oof development of body systems
for drug metabolism
• Drug elimination
Special Consideration in Dose
Determination for Pediatric Patients
Doses should be based on accepted
clinical studies as reported in the literature.
• Doses should be age appropriate and
generally based on body weight or BSA.
• Pediatric patients should be weighed as
closely as possible to the time of
admittance to a health care facility and
that weight recorded in kilograms.
Special Consideration in Dose
Determination for Pediatric Patients
as available, pediatric formulations rather
than those intended for adults should be
administered
• all calculations of dose should be double
checked by a second health professional
• all caregivers should be properly advised
with regard to dosage, dose administration,
and important clinical signs to observe
• calibrated oral syringes should be used to
measure and administer oral liquids
use of pharmacologically active
substanes in the treatment of disease
Pharmacotherapy
Special Consideration in Dose
Determination for Elderly Patients
• Therapy is often initiated with a lower
than-usual adult dose.
• Dose adjustment may be required based
on the therapeutic response.
• The patient’s physical condition may
determine the drug dose and the route of
administration employed.
The dose may be determined, in part, on the
patient’s weight, body surface area, health and
disease status, and pharmacokinetic factors.
• Concomitant drug therapy may affect drug/dose
effectiveness.
• A drug’s dose may produce undesired adverse
effects and may affect patient compliance.
• Complex dosage regimens of multiple drug
therapy may affect patient compliance.
Conditions common to elderly:
– Degenerative osteoarthritis
– Congestive heart failure
– Venous and arterial insufficiency
– Stroke
– urinary incontinence
– prostatic carcinoma
– Parkinsonism
– Alzheimer's disease
is the field that
encompasses the management of illness in the elderly
Geriatrics
Formula in the United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary are based on the preparation of
1000 ml or 1000g
The average adult is considered to have
a BSA of
1.73 m^2
desired response
sub therapeutic
adverse response
side effect
